To Kill a Mocking Bird Essay Example for Free

To Kill a Mocking hoot EssaySocialising is a very complicated process, for we often make unjustified assumptions that lead to misunderstandings or even worst, it might even cause the innocents to suffer. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, it was demonstrated a number of times, both in court and in every day life, often caused by peoples special observations skills causing misjudgements Jem and Scout made that mistake, thinking his dad is experienced and feeble and maybe useless simply in reality he is actually a great shooter who doesnt like to boast almost his talents. I truly admire the genus genus Atticuss personality, he was non thinking highly by his town family because he was humble and was not bind by the fashion in town. Harper Lee had exposed the truth of gay nature because of Atticuss way and modesty, he was not justified fairly.Just like the over-the-hill saying goes, Dont judge a book by its cover, sadly, this is a philosophy that many cannot achieve. Inessential factors including bias, bearing racial hatred and so for forever and a day get in the way of justification, twisting the fact into the justifiers respect and that is when injustice happen. In To Kill a Mockingbird, this had happened a number of time, even children had inherited this bad disgustful trait, including the main characters- Jem and Scout. In chapter 10, it was demonstrated when they were justifying Atticus on p.98Our fuck off didnt do anything. He worked in an office, not in a drugstore. Atticusdid not drive a dump truck for the county, he was not the sheriff, he did not farm,work in a garage, or do anything that could possibly arouse the respect of anyone.Besides that, he wore glasses.From the above description, we can tell that Jem and Scout were judging Atticus with their mea confident(predicate)s for an admirable person. They were computation what Atticus was not instead of what he could do, in addition, they didnt know Atticus rise up enough to be able to ma ke a judgment about him and they refused to listen to what others have to say about Atticus, in this case, its Miss Maudi. Jem and Scout were affected by prejudice and judged Atticus only based on his appearance and their own measures.Jem and Scout always thought his father-Atticus was weak and feeble only because he was different from the easing of the fathers in town he was not very active like the other fathers were due to his old age. Jem was never satisfied with Atticus, because to him, he was not a exciting father he could be towering of, until he discovered Atticus outstanding shooting skill. Jem and Scout always thought they knew everything about Atticus until that incident, Scout was quite young so she could not understand it, whiled Jem had finally understand Atticus apprehension of modesty and displayed his maturity by stopping Scout from overdrawging about Atticus in present of their friends and said this interesting quote.Atticus is a human being, just like me. (C hapter 10 p.109)Jem and Scout was always disappoint their father because Atticus is different from the others but his opinion for him had gradually changed as he matured, and as it did, he finally came to an understanding of the real values a gentleman should posses.Atticus was a model father for his children and a great educator he had earning respects from his fellow town folks, the readers and gradually, his children. He had always been thought as weak and feeble by his own children, but it changed right after his children discovered his incision name One shot Finch, their perspective for him has immediately changed. We could not completely blame his children for misjudging him Atticus had hid his talents well with to his humble personality. I truly admire Atticuss great personality he was a true gentleman and showed great wisdom and humbleness. Even though his talent was discovered by his children, he lock up refused to brag about it, this was shown in shown in chapter 10 p. 108 when Mr. Tate spoke to JemWhats the matter with you, boy, cant you talk? saidMr. Tate smile at Didnt you know your daddysHush, Heck, said Atticus.Atticus even stopped others from praising him, plus he still chose to keep his principles after he just prevented his neighbors from being attacked by a mad dog. Atticus was a great model for Jem and he greatly contributed to Jems grown in maturity.To Kill a Mockingbird had a timeless topic similar versions of this story had appeared again and again in human history, where innocents almost always suffer. Harper Lee had exposed the ugly truth of human nature and the fact that injustice exists in this society often caused by some peoples ignorance or selfishness. Jem and Scout started of misjudging Atticus and fortunately, it was all cleared up after the incident with Jem finally understood the values of a gentleman. Jem and Scout were lucky to have Atticus as a father, he was a great educator and he tried his hardest to make sure they a re safe, safe from the weaknesses in human nature. To Kill a Mockingbird was a well-written narrative it flawlessly uncovered a variety of human nature- the finest of humanity as well as ugly human natures.

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay Example for Free

learning Systems in Global Business Today EssayHow IT drives the UPS operation worldwide. Using talented people and smart engineering, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wirelessly connected to UPS main databases located in 17 major data centers throughout through out the world. Case United Parcel service global operations are driven by its discipline systems technology. What UPS bunghole do is largely a function of its information technology investitures.Beginning as a local delivery service in 1907, UPS expanded on the West coast initially, reached New York in the 1930s, and went international in the 1970s. Today, UPS delivers over 14 million packages daily to 200 countries and territories, requiring the talents of 70,000 drivers who are wireless connected to UPS main databases located in seventeen major data centers throughout through out the world. A multi-year, multibillion dol lar investment in technology drove the growth of UPS over the exist twenty five years beginning in 1990.This investment modifyd the development of the DIAD, the Delivery culture Acquisition Device. DIAD is a key element in UPSs business technology platform. Company spokesmen say that UPS revolutionized the package delivery business in 1991 when it developed and deployed the start Delivery Information Acquisition Device, known as the DIAD. More than twenty years later, UPS continues its pioneering development efforts with the fourth generation of the DIAD the DIAD IV. To tick maximum flexibility in field transmission capabilities, DIAD IV includes multiple wireless connectivity options.Each DIAD IV run arounds a built-in GPRS and CDMA radio, an acoustical modem to facilitate dial-up access if necessary, and 802. 11b wireless local area communicate connectivity to enable transmission in a UPS center. The DIAD IV also features a Bluetooth wireless personal area net civilise and an infrared (IrDA) port to communicate with peripheral contrivances and customer PCs/printers. DIAD IV introduces a revolutionary new feature Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) to the handheld terminal market. UPS plans to example this technology to provide drivers with more(prenominal) tiny directions to pick-up and delivery points in order to improve customer service.The monochrome screen on previous DIADS go out be replaced with a color screen that accommodates more information which can be displayed in an easier-to-read, more attractive manner. The color screen also enables UPS to color-code messages transmitted to a drivers DIAD. Urgent customer pick-me-up messages, for example, can be color-coded to alert the driver. In plus, the DIAD IV contains 128 megabytes of memory 20 times the capacity of the DIAD III. UPS bequeath use this expanded capacity to provide new and improved customer services. Like its predecessors, the DIAD IVs battery lasts an entire work day.The DIAD IV sends delivery information to the UPS data repository as soon as the delivery information is entered. Drivers simply scan the package bar code, collect the receivers signature electronically, type in the Copyright keep This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing disciple learning. Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted.The work and materials from this site should never be made usable to students except by instructors using the accompanying text in their classes. All recipients of this work are pass judgment to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely on these materials. last name of the receiver and push a single key to complete the transaction and send the data. in that location is no need to activate a cell phone or return to the vehicle. Part of what makes the DIAD such a powerful tool is the system ODS (On-Demand Services) that enables communication with the driver.Every UPS driver automatically logs into the ODS system first thing in the morning. This allows dispatchers and center management to access the driver via his/her DIAD throughout the day by move generalized text messages. Virtually all drivers start their day with a list of predefined customer pickup locations for that day. Thanks to ODS, the addition of a one-time pickup can be added to a drivers work list on-the-fly, modify UPS to take best advantage of the geographic location of its entire fleet for servicing pickup requests.By using the DIAD, UPS eliminates the use of 59 million sheets of paper per year. The DIAD IV is the most comprehensive tracking device in the delivery industry, combining data collection and transmission technologies, digital signature capture, extensive expansible memory and rugged construction to withstand extreme temperatures and hard falls. Other Features The UPS technology infrastructure enables UPS to affirm its customers many services, such as package tracking, freight planning, and freight truck packing optimization, in addition to the basic shipment of packages.

tradition and modernity Essay Example for Free

tradition and modernity EssayWe are utilize to thinking of traditions as something old and stable, whereas the creative forces of people are directed towards the making of new forms of graphics and music. Nevertheless in our view, and according to our experience, new forms should not be sought in a ethnic vacuum, without any connection to the past experiences of people and societies. Similarly, the old musics should not be approached with the attitude of preserving or mimicking some other peoples figures. We believe that the past is important because in the great musics that were created we can sense a reBlection of the creators spiritual insights and wider understandings of the nature of man and his place in the world. The passing on of this intuitive knowledge, through the practice of music, the sharing of experiences, the process of studying and teaching not as something that happens only within the school walls, besides as part of everyday life, is what animates Neda not only to create, but also to teach their music and execute it in live concerts. Neda is a river in Peloponnese and one of the few rivers in Greece with a female name. In the Greek mythology Neda was the nymph who took care of Zeus when he was taken away from his father, who wanted to slaughter him. The water supply and the river are ancient symbols, signifying strength and endurance, but also adaptability and continuous Blow. Hence the signiBicance of Neda for the musicians, which carries the power of the female part of water to embrace difference as it connects and naturally renews all things, it links past and future clock into the present moment where all sounds exist and all music is created.

Kant and the Categorical Imperative Essay Example for Free

Kant and the Categorical Imperative EssayThe porta of the existence of castigate and wrong has been a subject of discussion among philosophers for centuries and m any(prenominal) theories eat been presented to answer the chief of whether honourables exist. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), the great German philosopher is one who has contributed profoundly to the world of philosophy and especially in regards to his horizon on the subject of clean-livingity. Kant disagreed with Hume that righteousity is objective and non subjective.Kant wanted to propose a pure moral philosophy, one of absolute necessity and indep block upent of all human feelings, because if it not so, it will not be absolute and binding upon every person. The purpose of morality is to affect our behaviour and that it is reason that makes humans moral and not feelings or preferences. We shall explore some of the a priori foundations of morality paying special attention to Kants matt haughty and what ex croply this was designed to solve in moral theory.To stick out moral worth, an put to work must(prenominal) be do in the name of ones duty, the moral worth of this modus operandi is taken from the principle from which its determined, not from what it aims to accomplish and that duty is necessary when one is playing go forth of respect for the law. A shopkeeper expectant the buyer the right amount of change because the law states one must not steal, this is an font of a legal passageion because witnesss ar beingness followed but for the wrong reasons.A shopkeeper returning the reprobate amount of change because it belongs to the customer is an example of a moral action because the action is being done for the right reasons. Kant adopts the view of morality as an unconditional ought, as opposed to a conditional ought By this he means that one should per chassis an act without considerations of the merits that that act may produce, in comparison with acting in order for someth ing else to happen. This implies that acts that atomic number 18 moral are those that are done without being done for the interest group of the merit or reward that they may bring to the person.Kant claimed that moral behaviour does not guarantee the acquisition of happiness rather that considerably will is crucial for actually deserving happiness. Nothing in the worldindeed postal code even beyond the worldcan possibly be c erstwhileived which could be called total without qualification except a well(p) will (Kant 1964 p. 27). By the good will Kant means that a good will is not good because what it performs or what it effects but that it is simply good in itself.The good will is the will which acts out of respect for the moral law and from freedom, but actions such as these, if motivated by selfish or emotional factors, will therefore defecate no moral worth. in that respect is a great apportion of stress placed on the intention behind the act, consider giving money to c harity for the sake of helping out, without any need for any ego gratification or such self-serving purposes, this is an exemplification of good will. Kants most well known contribution to ethical discussion is the mat imperative mood. There are three key propositions that form the basis of Kants ethics.They are act tho on that maxim (principle) by means of which you can at the same time will that it should become a ecumenical law, act in a way that you never treat humanity as a means to an end and that you act as if you were a lawmaker member of a kingdom of ends. These three principles form the categorical imperative. For Kant the reference book of moral justification is the categorical imperative. It presents a method to determine whether or not an act may be considered to be morally correct. An imperative is either categorical or hypothetical.Kant writes, If now the action is good only as a means to something else, then the imperative is hypothetical if it is conceived as good in itself and consequently as being necessarily the principle of a will which of itself conforms to reason, then it is categorical . . . . (Kant 1989 p. 31) As humans we all have subjective impulses cravings and inclinations that may diverge the dictates of reason. These desires, whether they are material objects or cheer us in a sexual or psychological way, may in fact contradict the dictates of reason.Therefore we experience the claim of reason as an imperative, a ensure to act in a particular way. Kant views a person to be most free when they can overcome their temptations and it is this freedom that helps us make sense of morality. The categorical imperative emphasises the means for completing an action and places little meaning on the end result of an action, whereas the hypothetical imperative places much emphasis on the end result of an action. It is an imperative because it dictates what we should do, disregarding our desires.As rational beings we are guided throu gh biography by laws and principles, in the form of an imperative which simply orders us you must do this regardless of any desires which we may have. Hypothetical imperatives sacrifice to us if we have a particular desire, go to university if you want to become a philosopher. An act becomes imperative when it ought to be applied to everyone, hence the basic statement of the categorical imperative being to act only on maxims that you could will to become universal laws of human nature (Kant).A categorical imperative would command you to do X inasmuch as X is intrinsically right, that is, right in and of itself, aside from any different considerationsno ifs, no conditions, no strings attached . . . a categorical imperative is unconditional (no ifs) and independent of any things, circumstances, goals, or desires. It is for this reason that only a categorical imperative can be a universal and binding law, that is, a moral law, valid for all rational beings at all times. (Miller 1984 p. 462) Immorality then would be to make exceptions for ourselves by acting only on maxims that we cannot universalize out of our own will.It is those who act in such a way and then expect others to act different to our way, who are immoral. The categorical imperative acts as a formula for universal law by stating the prerequisites that an act must have to be considered moral, it presents a comparison for people to be able to see if they are acting morally, this being to act only on principles that you could will to become universal laws by which all who wish to act morally must comply with. It determines whether any act is right or wrong, so to do the verso would be contradictory and this would then be an act that is not morally correct.An example that Kant puts forward in Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative, (1989) to depict this is of a man who is in extreme despair and contemplating suicide. By victorious his own life he would be universalizing the principle that in order to love himself he should end his life (by doing this he is trying to improve his life by ending the despair he is feeling). cleanup position himself would in fact do nothing to improve his life because he would have no life at all So you see how these contradictory acts undermine those that may be classified as morally right.Although Kants categorical imperative has been widely read and accepted by some it has had criticism. Some philosophers have thought of it as absolutist, being too black and white. But when thinking of humanity and society in which we reside, looking at morality according to the categorical imperative allows a standard rule for everyone to follow. If it was very well for some people to steal and not others this we could not call a moral and bonnie society. There needs to be a rule or comparison so that what acts are right and what are wrong may be differentiated from each other and the wrong acts then dealt with accordingly.Some have asked how only an action which one had no desire to do could ever have any moral worth. This to me does not seem to be what is trying to be expressed in Kantian ethics. It is not the desire per se that makes an act immoral, I think it seems that it is more the fact of this desire being the reason the act is conducted in the first place. If the act is done to fulfil a personal desire or gain that which one desires, then the act is immoral, but if the act is done for the good of the act in itself, for example donating money to an orphanage because one desires to help, then this is still what Kant would regard as a morally right act.Although Kantianism has had a profound effect on some people, producing many elaborations, translations and thought, for some it is not feasible once placed together as a whole. Kant had some very profound ideas but looking at society tody I would think he was definitely on the right thought pattern. Society and we as humans, with our impulses whether good or bad, need a clarified ethics to follow to help us screen what may be considered right and wrong in a moral sense, and it must be fair and the same for everyone, this is what Kants categorical imperative has done by creating a universal law or rule of thumb for morality.References Kant, I. 1989 Good Will, Duty, and the Categorical Imperative. ed. Serafini, A. Ethics and Social Concern, the categorical imperative. New York Paragon House Publishers Kant, I. 1964 arse and the Metaphysics of Morals, ed. Herbert J. Paton, New York HarperCollins. Miller, Ed. L. 1984 Questions that Matter An Invitation to Philosophy, 3rd ed. Colorado McGraw-Hill, Inc. http//sguthrie. net/kant. htm (accessed on 12/10/04).

Rent-A-Captive Insurance Company Development

Rent-A- mantled Insurance Company DevelopmentA Critical analytic thinking of the Benefits, Risks andImplications of Creating an Off-shoreRent-a-Captive Insurance Company in Bermuda.Contents (Jump to)AbstractChapter 1 MethodologyChapter 2 search ProcessChapter 3 Findings and Evaluation of Findings3.1 Captive3.2 Analysis of Benefits, Risks and Implications3.3 Rent-A-Captive3.4 Pestle Analysis3.5 Porters Five ForcesAbstractThe potential for utilizing a rent-a- confined initiation in Bermuda brings a method that is a byplay organisation proposition to interrogative the risks, benefits and implications of utilizing this as a workable strategy. Inherent in equate any strategy atomic number 18 its suitability, ease of entry and exit as risehead as equals and weighing these a contactst the learning curve and relative benefits that will accrue in best and worst parapraxis scenarios. To reach such a determination, the examination will employ a number of strategic as substantia lly as financial in any casels, along with the advantages and disadvantages of the methodology to determine its viability in a general, specific and oerall sense. The use of any business strategy has either direct and or indirect implications which represent variables that must prove their expenditure in their ability to further the overall aims, objectives and adjudicate of the entity and to be particularly of benefit in indecent economic conditions and or unforeseen occurances.The preceding tinder evaluative climate represents the acid test via which to in effect prove or disprove its potential worth to the enterprise.A captive amends policy company represents an entity that is set up for the limited break up by conjure up indemnification companies to finance risks from the main organization and or its subsidiaries (Bawcutt, 1997, pp. 8-9). Rather than representing a advanced concept, captive redress companies deplete been around since the mid 1870s, borne out of prot ection and indemnity clubs of that period which offered marine damages in coverage of third caller liabilities as well as expenses emanating from either operating or owning ships as a principle (Braithwaite and Drahos, 2000, p. 157). The preceding was a contribute of the passage of the Lord Campbell Act of 1846 (Alabama Law Review, 2004, p. 884), which was enacted by the English Parliament and titled the Fatal Accidents Act of 1846 whose purpose was to alleviate the harsh dissolvents from either expert injury or death on ships during that period (Alabama Law Review, 2004, p. 884). Claim liability potential was assortment magnitude as a result of the flood of immigrants traveling to the United States as well as the high value of cargos and injuries to crew members. The Protection and Liability Clubs pooled resources to cover involves arising from the passage of the act and minimize exposure for the basal policy carriers such as Lloyds of capital of the United Kingdom (A labama Law Review, 2004, p. 884).Captive policy companies batch be utilized to provide insurance coverage for commercial purposes, as well as industrial and political entities to insure either all or part of the risks facing an organization (Geisel, 2004). Captive insurance companies overly can be habitused as a result of companies that fix similar business risks link together to pool said risks in a live effective manner to have the undeniable insurance coverage for these types of beas (Geisel, 2004). The increased growth in this industry segment is a result of the change in the way businesses and organizations see the way to finance their risks as it represents a more than flexible move up against potential hurtes, augmenting catastrophic risk that is covered via conventional means (Sammer, 2001). Critical to the preceding is understanding that insurance represents coverage by a contract binding mavin party to indemnify another against stipulate loss as a return f or premiums paid covering said insurance (Houghton Mifflin, 2006). It, insurance, represents a nominate of risk focal point that is a hedge against around type of financial loss that has a presumable incidence of occurring, therefrom insurance represents the transfer of this risk from oneness entity to another as a result of the exchange of premiums calculated found upon the potential of occurrence.The preceding summary will provide an understanding of the purpose and niche regarding captive insurance companies as well as how they fit into the overall realm of the insurance industry represents all important(predicate) background instruction that is germane to the topic of a critical digest of the benefits, risks and implications of creating an off-shore rent-a-captive insurance company in Bermuda.Chapter 1 MethodologyThe methodology that will be utilized in this examination will consist of understanding the nuances involved in the cognitive regale of single p atomic num ber 18nt captives as well as rent-a-captives to determine the subtle and or obvious differences that represent either positive or prohibit agentive roles which a company would motivation to be aware of as well as consider to have a full understanding of the process. Inherent in such is the understanding of the legal, business, regulatory, financial, operable and administrative facets of the process and how these impact upon each other in the utilization of a rent-a-captive facility. The preceding represents a broad based understanding as well as in depth with regard to the benefits, risks, implications and related factors. In equating such this examination will employ such tools as Porters Five Forces framework, a SWOT analysis, as well as a Pestle Analysis and a discussion of the fit Scorecard to aid in reaching a determination of the foregoing.The limitations to the methodology may be in that the tools of analysis are not directly suitable to analyze the process, and or they may be too many business, operational and or industry variables to enable equating if the process is or will be effective in all or most spokespersons. The methodology is limited by the complexity of the chore in that the decision branch tree factor may be too large to adequately cover all of the potential nuances and aspects which might be important. As the basis for the drive is the suitability of a real structure for potential utilization, the methodology is indeed simplified into gathering and comparison as a means to uncover the basics and related detail factors which appear in multiple sources.Chapter 2 Research ProcessThe research process will consist of secondary measures utilizing books, journals and online sources to provide a wide dawn section of ideas, viewpoints, concepts, theories and practices to ensure that the salient foundational information is based upon the true and actual conditions present. Through a relative analysis entailing systematic methodologies of collecting, review and analysis of data, the foregoing will provide for such an outcome. Yin (1994) advises that in conducting research, one should seek to equate the positioning of such against real life phenomenon by virtue of gathering a number of viewpoints to reach a balanced understanding. Yin (1994) also adds that the broader the examination, the better will be the grasp of the information and thus conclusions reached.Maxwell (1996) supports Yins (1994) approach and cautions that quality is more important than quantity, thus the research process will seek to weed out slighter sources in favor of more accomplished ones by means of a comparative process. The preceding represents the suggested approach as put forth by Lieberson (1991), as well as King et al (1994). As the vanquish represents a pragmatic consideration whereby theory is less important, the comparative analysis of sources is easier as the base information should be relatively close, if not identical, numer ateing upon the jurisdictional locus. verbalize variable renders the research process as relatively straight forward.Chapter 3 Findings and Evaluation of FindingsIn examining the subject matter, background information as well as facts, details and information pertaining to the field of captive insurance companies is an important foundation to understanding the benefits of a rent-a-captive as a comparison. The forgoing includes an understanding of the jurisdiction in which the rent-a-captive is located.3.1 Captive3.1.1 BermudaBermudas entrance into the international insurance market got its start in 1947 when it was selected by C.V. Starr as the location for his American International Company, Limited (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3). The captive concept was promulgated by Fred Reiss in the mid 1960s as an insurer owned by a non-insurance parent (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3) which was established to finance the insurable exposures of the parent. Bermuda is the glo bal leader in the captive insurance market, growing dramatically during the mid-eighties as a result of group captives that were created to permit atomicer companies to align with those of similar interests to thus gain greater control over their insurance through the pooling of risks (Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3). i of the largest of these was the OIL Insurance Ltd. that was organize by petroleum companies in the early 1970s as a result of difficulties they were facing in the property insurance market. slacken 1 Total Insurance Assets for all International Insureds(in billions)(Bermuda Market Solutions, 2005, p. 3)Bermuda, is the premier domicile for captive insurance companies as well as rent-a-captives with in plain of 1700 insurers (Low valuate.net, 2004). The captive insurance market has slowed over the last couple of years in contrast to its rapid growth pace of the late 1980s and 1990s with other locales offering similar advantages thus effectively bringing it s dowry of the global market down to approximately one third of all captives from a high of 40% in the mid 1990s (Crombie, 2005). Locations such as the Cayman Islands, British vestal Islands, Hawaii, Guernsey, and Barbados as well as Dublin, along with an addition 45 other jurisdiction as well as a number of republics in the U.S. have slowed Bermudas growth and market share as a result (Crombie, 2005). Other factors in this trend have been (Crombie, 2005)the increased popularity of risk retention groups whose small size, in general, does not make them really suitable for location in Bermuda,increased marketing by new-fangled jurisdictions such as Hawaii and Vermont which have the advantage of being American states,developments in the alter types of corporate vehicles that are available, notably segregated account companies,and lastly, the ways in which some jurisdictions count their captives, including those that have formed and not removing them once they have been dissolved.A nother important consideration is cost. Bermuda is expensive and thus since cost does matter to smaller captives as well as those operating on slimmer margins, there selection of locale takes this facet into account. Bermudas client base primarily consists of large U.S., European and South American companies whose front end has been in that location for some time (Crombie, 2005). The cost is offset by Bermudas reputation, quality of professed(prenominal) expertise as well as the ease of entrance fee thus minimizing the cost variable over the long term as a result of the foregoing and the locales stability. Another factor that must be considered with respect to Bermudas global positioning in scathe of the attraction of new captives is the limited infrastructure on the island for residences, schools and traffic. Bermuda is basically more of an exclusive club which is based upon quality as opposed to quantity (Crombie, 2005). As the third largest insurance local after New York and London, Bermudas new business formations in 2004 saw approximately 50% in the form of captives (Lowtax income.net, 2004). The country is the number one location for segregated account companies with 83 that include 6,234 cells within cells as compared to 126 protected cell companies in all other locations as of 2003 (Lowtax.net, 2004).Table 2 Captives by Domicile Year End 2002(Towers Perrin, 2004)Table 3 Leading Captive Domiciles(Elliott, 2005)The preceding represents data on captives as of year end 2002, thus accounting for the higher figures indicated above, showing captive numbers for domiciles mentioned as a comparison.3.1.2 Rent-a-Captive Insurance CompaniesA rent-a-captive insurance company provides captive insurance facilities to other companies for a fee and protects itself from any losses via individual architectural plans that are further isolated from losses via other programs in the same company (Banham, 2001). Banham (2001) provides the analogy of thinking of a rent -a-captive insurance company as a mall of stores and each store represents the self insurance program of a particular company. The rent-a-captive concept represents the fact that a company does not have to go through the procedures and regulations entailed with incorporating its own captive as it is able to lease one instead. The preceding represents a business rationale for creating an off-shore rent-a-captive insurance company, leasing out its existence.The concept of the rent-a-captive provides much of the same benefits that corporate owned captives do in that it provides (Banham, 2001)increased control regarding losses as a result of meliorate claims management,the ability to derive a profit from underwriting along with enthronization income from the livestocks that are set excursus for claim re assists, discordant tax benefits, andavoidance of accounting and audit issues, which are the responsibility of the rent-a-captive sponsor.The advantages of the establishment of a rent-a-captive insurance company depend upon a number of factors on the part of the interested company. These aspects shall be discussed in the analysis of the benefits, risks, and implications of a rent-a-captive.3.2 Analysis of Benefits, Risks and ImplicationsIn equating the reasons, as well as benefits, risks and implications of forming a rent-a-captive it is important to have an understanding of the reasons as to why captives are formed, thus providing an understanding of the benefits of a rent-a-captive. The following represent the foregoing (Elliott, 2005)To reduce and or stabilize costGenerally, the financing of risk under a captive lowers overall cost and assist in stabilizes costs long term as a result of being less suasible to changes in the insurance market. Examples of cost savings are represented by the fact there isno profit load,the reduction and or elimination of commissions to brokers,lower costs for administration,the owners in a captive share in all of the earni ngs through policyholder or shareholder dividends,a captive avoids costly insurance regulations as well as the exclusion of payments into residual market pools and premium taxes,savings in loss cost is another area as captives serve to increase the awareness of risk management as well as cost awareness among top management.The savings benefits, in general, exceed the expense of both(prenominal) orbit up the captive as well as administering it.Increase capacity and provide access to reinsuranceA captive can access the capacity of reinsurance markets and might be able to provide more coverage limits than available within the retail market. An example of the preceding is whereby multiple insurers participate in what is termed as a fault to offer millions in added capacity which would not otherwise be available. A slip is a binder that often includes more than one insurer. An example of the preceding is provided by Lloyds of London whereby the slip is passed from underwriting to und erwriter to initial and subscribe to specific parts of a risk (captive.com, 2006).ControlOne of the reasons for the origin of captives is due to insurance buyers that were tired of the vagaries of the market regarding insurance and looked for more control concerning underwriting, judge, investments and claim settlements. Captives provided them with these benefits. reportingAn advantage of captives is that they can provide coverage to subsidiaries and other firms that might not otherwise be come-at-able or available for such areas as professional liability, certain business risks and punitive damages.Rate and form freedomThe benefits of special constructed wording can be written by captives as a withdraw for reinsurers to follow to thus provide coverages for obscure areas.Establishment of better than average claim experienceAs the claim history for a captive insured may be improved or batter than the overall class of business for an insurer in the commercial category, this aspect makes a sound argument for retention of that risk in this framework as opposed to the broader and poorer claims experience as a whole.Recapture of investment income and to accelerate and or manage cash flowThe investment income derived from a captive may be completely or partially retained by the captive as opposed to staying with commercial insurers thus providing revenues that would otherwise be lost.Insurance accountingSpecial tax interposition accrues to insurance companies, such as tax deductible reserves for claims not paid and in the instance of life insurance reserves no taxes are paid on the internal build up of interest income.Tax deductibilityOther tax advantages are possible such as in the case of multiple owners or insured as well as in the cases where the insured and shareholders are not the same. Another area is in the deductibility of premiums along with the deferred taxation of insurance income. Careful consideration of tax benefits need to be investigated prior to adding such advantages to the list of benefits.Perceived safety of formalized answersAs the books and records of captives are audited along with the claim reserves being under constant review by actuaries, investments managed by professionals and accounts that are maintained by buss that are unaffiliated, these services represent checks and balances with so many differing external factors checking the books and accounts that the system has unembellished measures of safety that in most cases is superior to other means whereby a number of these functions is performed in-house or by the same company.Favorable regulationsMany captives are formed offshore to avoid certain unnecessary regulations concerning solvency. However, honest as in onshore solvency regulations, offshore captive solvency regulations are designed to protect policyholders. In some instances this regulation is weak in offshore locales, which is not the case for Bermuda as well as the state of Vermont in the Unite d States.Administrative tool for funding retentionsIn many instances, large organizations create captives to fund differences between their large corporate deductibles or retention and smaller deductibles or retention of its individual business units. Under the captive format the main organization is able to offer fixed cost rates that are above the smaller deductibles and balance the equation of as a result overall large rate, thus spreading the deductible or retention and achieving savings.Risk managementCaptives provide the risk manager with more leverage than the annual cost allocation process.Innovative dealsCaptives can increase the access to certain deals, such as more creative loss portfolio transfers achieved by transferring liabilities from one balance sheet to another. store dataBeing in a captive can provide a tool for the exhibition of better as well as more data in support of its cost management efforts. An example of this is that a captive can be the central reposit ory for what is termed common disability cost management for instances when an organization elects to finance certain employee risk benefits as well as worker remuneration risks.Strategic partner supportCoverage can be made available by organizations for their various business partners as represented by key suppliers and or customers, as well as independent contractors, etc. when the normal market pricing and or terms are not favorable. The preceding may very well provide tax management as well as profit advantages. cabbageIn some instances captives are created to underwrite the risks of a customer or to provide third party insurance. Such undertakings can provide and or add value to an organization as a result of tying the customer to the owner.Some of the preceding areas represent clear financial aspects as well as non financial operating areas which can in certain instances turn out to be as important or more important than the financial considerations in creating or utilizing a captive. The understanding of the benefits, advantages and implications of a captive are integral in the discussion of a rent-a-captive in that the reasons and rationales that are found in the former also apply to the latter. As such, a discussion of the structuring of captives is an important aspect to be considered in this context, as such aids in the understanding of a rent-a-captive. There are three primary aspects of captives, the financial, operational and of course personnel. Captive financial resources consist of premiums along with capital and investment income. The premiums and or capital can consist of non-investment instruments such as a letter of credit and these financial resources must be adapted to accomplish three tasks (Geisel, 2004). First is the facet of financing the legal obligation as part of the insurance and or reinsurance agreements. Secondly, the financial resources must be sufficient to finance a reasonable level attributed to adverse development, and lastly, the financial resources needed to fund the expenses of operating the captive.It is important to understand that captives, as well as rent-a-captives fly the coop in a somewhat similar fashion as traditional insurers. It, the captive, directly issues policies to insureds, and or reinsurers via a fronting insurance company (Geisel, 2004). It also collects the premiums and pays claims as well as setting reserves aside to pay for legal obligations stemming from its insurance and or reinsurance agreements, and pay for the captives operating expenses, and dividends (Geisel, 2004).One of the advantages is that captives ordinarily utilize a captive management company to run the day to day operations, maintain books and serve as the liaison with the regulators and Board of Directors (Towers Perrin, 2004). Captives also can and often do utilize specialty service providers, accountants, legal council and actuaries to aid in the operational aspects thus eliminating the need for findin g, retaining, and setting up office home to house these aspects, which represent a considerable cost savings in internal administration. In terms of managing costs, captives have the following benefits and or advantages (Elliott, 2005)ActuarialBermuda requires an actuarial analysis as an aspect of the feasibility study concerning the area(s) of insurance and or reinsurance being contemplated for setting up a captive. The premiums as well as losses are thus based upon this information and when the actuarial review has established a level of self-assertion in these figures, the captive will thus make a better impression on regulators, tax advisors and reinsurers. Bermuda requires ongoing actuarial analysis.ExpensesIn most circumstances a captive should be able to hold in a more efficient manner than commercial insurance companies. The captives expenses should be in the area of below twenty percent of premiums, unless loss control dictates a higher ratio. coronationIt is a general p ractice among captives to set premiums to reflect the time value of cash in the conjecture that the investment returns will closely approximate the amortization of the premium discount over time. The captive investment policy should thus be in keeping with the assumptions that are utilized to set premiums.3.3 Rent-A-CaptiveThe foregoing analysis and details concerning captive insurance companies provides the needed foundational and structural information to better understand the nature of the entity and thus the implications, benefits and other facets associated with electing to utilize a rent-a-captive format. Given the preceding, the reasons and rationales for electing to choose a rent-a-captive format takes on increased meaning. Rent-a-captives represent the fastest growing segment of the captive category and the indications are that they will continue this trend and bugger off even more broadly utilized in the future (International Risk Management Institute, 2004). Large corpo rations commonly establish a captive to aid in the underwriting of its risk as well as to put one across portions of its losses based upon the prospect of making or deriving a profit from these operations (Elliott, 2005). In essence, the corporation enters the business of insurance in an attempt to gain control over its losses as well as to lower the cost of its insurance as a result of deriving a return of profit from underwriting and or investment income. Smaller companies lacking the financial resources to cover the costs of setting up and meeting requirements for a captive can derive much the same benefits through letting a captive as the alternative to receiving the indicated benefits from their insurance program(s). Rent-a-captive insurance companies are in general funded, created and rented by insurers, brokers or groups of affiliated businesses (International Risk Management Institute, 2004).The determination as to whether a rent-a-captive represents a viable as well as s ound proposition is dependent upon a number of facets that can be summarized as follows (Geisel, 2004)size of the company considering utilizing a captive, or rent-a-captive,the amount of losses it ha

Theories of Communicatiion in Health and Social Care

Theories of Communicatiion in Health and sociable wieldIntroductionIn the context of wellness and neighborly mission settings, it is in truth important to buck vertical conversation betwixt swear out designrs and module (Gambrill, 2012). As Hepworth et al. (2010) comment, it is merry that c atomic number 18 supply sprout smashing communion skills so that they save impelling dialogue with protagonist users and burn explain treatment involve to the latter. In addition, anxiety staff must learn passkey conference techniques (and k immediately how to apply them) to bring in a better health c argon environment (Cournoyer, 2013). There are many another(prenominal) polar forms of confabulation, including, for instance, communicatory and non-verbal forms. There are also many approaches through which good chat relationships set up be fostered (or hampered) and it is imperative, in that respectfore, that care staff learn from best physical exertion so as to cover that they exploit the potential for the breeding of a meaningful relationship (Reeves et al., 2011). Good communication and inter face-to-face skills are, quite simply, essential to the practice of effective health and social care (Greenhalgh, 2008).Such skills are not merely limited to day-to-day communication theory with knobs. In communication with others, the practitioner ineluctably to be able to use a variety of strategies to learn that professional practice meets health and social care inevitably and facilitates a positive make believeing relationship. Indeed, as Reeves et al. (2010) suggest, thither are different approaches for communication and it is imperative that the whateverbody practitioner tailors his or her use of these to the individual postulate of the individual patient. Accordingly, expertise, or at least a sound working familiarity of solely of the quest approaches humanistic, behavioural, cognitive, psychoanalytical and social ( to name and five) is vital. These theories are, as every(prenominal)(prenominal)uded to, applicable to developing certain techniques in the sector of health and social care. For example, as Gitterman and Gerbriny (2013) comment, humanistic theory is applicable in statuss where the great unwashed are complex in sayings of self-actualisation, self-conception, self-esteem, honour, and dignity. This approach reflects on the perspective that every human being has the potential to be good, to enjoy life, to contri alonee positively, and to be a loving and lovable member of society. Thus, as Healy (2014) suggests, this is an approach that aims to maximise critical thinking and analytical optimism. In the health and social care sector, helping providers such as doctors, nurses, home care managers, and social workers are, as Ife (2012) contends, offered appropriate preparedness in order to care for service users in the most humanistic behavior by implementing or practising modes of communication relevant to the appropriate situation and/or individuals.Theoretical foundationsSocial theory, as Howe (2009) explains, is the use of theoretical frameworks to study and interpret social phenomena in spite of appearance a particular school of thought. It is an essential tool apply by social scientists, and the theory relates to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies that should be used in the analysis and evaluation of needs and how such analysis butt end be transformed into real-life action (Parrott and Madoc-Jones, 2009). Certain social theories attempt to prevail strictly scientific, descriptive, or objective, whereas, as Healy (2014) postulates, conflict theories present ostensibly normative positions, and often critique the ideologic aspects inherent in conventional, traditional thought. It is important to recognise the differences mingled with such models so as to ensure that the right model is used with the right service user to maximise an escorting of their care needs. At all measure, the needs of the client must shape up first (Hughes, Bamford and May, 2008).In commenting supercharge upon the individual theories it should be noted that, as Weitz (2009) remarks, cognitive theory is a theory which is recognised to be use instantly. Social cognition is, in that respectfore, the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing of info in the brain (Parrott and Madoc-Jones, 2008). Widely used across psychology and cognitive neuroscience, it is particularly useful when assessing various social abilities and how these basin be disrupted by persons suffering from autism and other disorders. Thus, it is clear that the utilisation of this theory in treatment assessment should be tailored to those individual patients who showing the systems of the neurological problems noted and not just used as a catch all for all patients (Miles and Mezzich, 2011).It is the requirement of all care settings to accept, follow and implement effective strategies to provide the right source of communication to all the staff, service users and visitors (Krauss and Fussell, 2014). The appropriate and applicable training on verbal techniques must be attached to care staff and other professionals. Furthermore, all exerciseees should be do aware of new developments and techniques through foster training and educational courses during the course of their employment. This take of career professional development is important because, as Zarconi, Pethtel and Missimi (2008) comment, it is vital to modernise employees knowledge and skills to help them to deal with the demands of changing communication and technology, as well as the changing aspirations and demands of clients.For the betterment of any care settings, re look always plays a vital role (Bourgeault, Dingwall and de Vries, 2010). There is a number of techniques that digest been followed and brought into chance(a)-use in a health care context. These are now considered to be daily techniques, but when they were introduced they were ground breaking and radical which shows how keeping abreast of new developments and integrating new techniques into daily working patterns can result in longer term benefits, not just for individual benefits but also the wider profession as a whole (Greenhalgh, 2008). Some of those techniques include the special needs of communication for those with autism, dementia and all of those who retain sensual impairment, and it is to such issues that this assignment now turns.The application of relevant theories of communication to health and social care contextsAny health and social care department consists of different types of service users. As a care provider, it is imperative that professionals implement several types of communication techniques through knowledge, experience and skills, as advised by Krauss and Fussell (2014). In accordance with the views proffered by Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum ( 2011), who take a leak move the cause of using numberless approaches to communication, the role of positivism can be seen as critically important. Indeed, many theorists such as Carl Roger, Abraham Maslow, and B.F Skinner, have made life-time studies of how this approach can be beneficial to patient care (Weitz, 2009). In a identical manner, through an evaluation of characteristics based on a humanistic behavioural analysis of actions, people can also be monitored and their health care render improved, as noted by Burks and Kobus (2012), by treating all people with compliancy through being gentle and kind. This helps to build mutually beneficial relationships between patient and carer and between different health care professionals.To recognise and understand the behaviour of separate individuals, and to understand how care provision needs to be tailored to meet their individual needs and circumstances, a orbit of case studies was undertaken by the author. In so doing, cognit ive behaviour theory was applied a compact of the individuals assessed and how their treatment needs were developed is given below. So as to ensure that this assignment conforms to best practice with regards to ethical research, the names of all people have been changed so that there are no ad hominem identifiers. As a consequence, this section of the research not only complies fully with the ethical research protocols of the university but also those advanced by Bourgeault, Dingwall and de Vries (2010).Case StudiesCase teaching OneEstrella is a lady of roughly 65 years of age. She has been diagnosed with dementia and has lived with this condition for a number of years. She is physically very fit and enjoys walking, do a habit of walking every afternoon after a siesta. Estrella was interviewed at home. The following is a transcription of the interview that took part. It is useful in research to take a transcription because as Speziale, Streubert and carpenter (2011) contend, i t alters the researcher to check facts and return to the data whilst they are analysing and interpreting it.Hello Estrella. May I come in please? I take ined.Yes, dear, you can come in. The beaming smile from Estrella suggested that as soon as she saw me she felt happy and she was very welcoming. She showed me into the lounge room and I then asked her How was your siesta, Estrella? Did you have a good sleep?She replied, Yes, dear, but I had a weird envisage.Concerned, I questioned, What kind of weird dream did you have, Estrella?I just forgot it, dear she replied. I asked Estrella kindly and politely if she would like me to help her get changed in advance she embarked upon her walk. Yes, dear, otherwise we will stay here forever, she answered, whilst looking at me with a sweet smile.In the above situation, as a care worker, I applied humanistic theory. This is shown by my engaging with Estrella in a manner that nourished individual view. The benefits of this approach are clear ly evident through the polite and expeditious conversation that took place. The needs of Estrella were chop-chop identified and, accordingly, a high level of care was delivered.Case Study TwoNorah is a 75-year old widow. She has been diagnosed with dementia. If she is awake she tends to stay in her retreatroom and, as soon as she is awake, she asks for her breakfast to be brought into her room. From the reading of case notes, which is, as Beresford, Croft and Adshead (2008) suggest, a useful way to gain preliminary instruction on a new client, I realised that Norah preferred having her breakfast in her bed and that her breakfast must be warm neither hot nor cold. I also realised that she likes to have a glass of milk with her breakfast and that she appreciates having the curtains opened so that she can enjoy the outside view. Having already let myself into Norahs house on the morning of the interview, I asked her, May I come in, Norah?, and explained that I had brought her brea kfast in the manner that she likes.She replied, Oh, thank you, pet thats very kind of you. I didnt have to ask for it and you already brought it And it is just the way I like it.Having deposited the tray on her lap, I opened the curtains. Norah smiled and said, Thank you very much, pet. Once she had finished her breakfast, I took away the tray and let myself out.In this case study it can be seen that, in accordance with the approach advanced by Greenhalgh (2008), cognitive behaviour theory was applied. Norahs needs were recognised before she had given voice to them. Therefore, in my role as carer, I applied my knowledge and precipitated her needs.Case Study ThreeAelfric, a former steelworker, is 78 years old, and has been diagnosed with dementia. He is a very shy patient and finds it very difficult to socialise with other service users. Indeed, such is his shyness that he prefers to stay in his room most of the time, as Aelfric feels that no one likes his company. This, he has sugge sted, in reflecting upon himself, may be due to his attitude, behaviour and expression. Mindful of this plethora of problems, I decided to integrate Aelfric in a bingo day with the rest of the service users once a week.Good morning, Aelfric How was your day? I asked.He rarely answered, and on this occasion he did not.I have good news for you today have you ever played bingo before? I queried.Finally Aelfric answered, Well, I used to, but am I not the right age to play that kind of game.I responded, Oh That is wonderful, because I have schedule a day out for you to play bingo with the rest of the patients and you are coming as well.At the beginning, Aelfric did not like the idea of going and being part of the team. As a result, at the get under ones skin of the bingo session he did not participate and just sat in the corner. However, he ulterior participated and even won a game. As the weeks passed, Aelfric never wanted to miss a week, and began making friends as well.In the cas e of Aelfric, social theory was applied in accordance with the recommendations advanced by Healy (2014). By the end of several months, Aelfric had become positively friendly with me, which shows how analysing a person using this theory can be beneficial to treatment needs.Case Study FourMinka is a 30-year old lady with eruditeness difficulties and limited speech skills. In the middle of a normal shift, whilst a colleague and I were bathing her, she suddenly started screaming and crying. We did not know what we had do defame, so I asked her politely, What have we done wrong?Minka seemed to be expressing that the lave we had used on her was not nice, and that it fumeed bad, and that it had gone into her eyes. Conscious of the discomfort we had caused Minka, I apologised and asked her, What shampoo would you like me to use? Minka pointed to the other shampoo. This shampoo was then applied to her scalp and, as a result, she stop screaming and let us do our job. When we had finishe d washing her hair, Minka indicated that she was very happy and asked us to smell her hair.In this case my colleague and I had applied psychoanalytic theory in accordance with the approaches advanced by Weitz (2009). We understood Minkas needs better as a consequence of so doing. converse skills in health and social care contextsThe Department of Health has, as Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) note, been updating all kinds of communication techniques in order to achieve the aims and objectives of the health care sector. Many new technologies have been gradually implemented with the aim of ensuring that the service operates in a professional and effective manner. With regards to the contribution to service users, professionals and staff have been introduced to the latest technologies and have adopted them into their daily working lives in order to ensure that they are following best practice (Sarangi, 2010). This has been achieved through, for instance, the attendance of relevan t training sessions and courses which are specifically tailored to update knowledge and skills. As Miles and Mezzich (2011) further observe in commenting more generally upon such improvements to health care, modern equipment and communication aids are being used to monitor the effectiveness of care service provision. It is at bottom this domain that it is vital that professionals use verbal and non-verbal communication techniques to deal with service users and colleagues.It is good practice in the health service to ensure that there is an effective handover between professionals and generally, as Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) advise, there is a hand-over during each shift. A hand-over is essential for it updates carers on the progress of service users. A hand-over normally reviews the service users health and emotional condition and usually the nurse in charge of the morning shift discusses with the afternoon staff the progress of a client. Training is mandatory in the Nat ional Health expediency. There are many types of training and staff are encouraged to attend training opportunities as it benefits the health sector and in the long run provides a better service to the clients (Zarconi, Pethtel and Missimi, 2008). through and through using such techniques, best practice is filtered down between colleagues which helps raise the overall level of professionalism deep down the service.An analysis of strategies to support users of health and social care run with specific communication needsIn order to allow service users to be fully involved in the decisions made that relate to their individual health care, it follows that effective communication must be used to enable the service users to understand what is proposed for them (Gitterman and Germain, 2013). In order to achieve this aim, and given the comments previously made within this assignment, it is imperative that the health and social care sector develops a range of strategies to meet this need . Every care setting is, as Krauss and Fussell (2014) confirm, required to adopt and implement the strategy of providing the right and proper sources of effective communication to staff. Through the use of verbal and non-verbal techniques, all care professionals and staff are made aware of this and they are also provided with training related to verbal and non-verbal techniques. There are different techniques to support vulnerable people in the health sector, such as reading lenses and voice recognition systems, and Braille. In addition, as Gitterman and Germain (2013) observe, the setting Exchange Communication System is used as an aid for individuals who suffer from autism. This is an effective system that has now become, as Healy (2014) comments, part of mainstream treatment.An overview of how communication processes are influenced by values and cultural factorsAs a field health service, the NHS works with a divergent set of people across the nation as a whole. Reflecting upon modern day multicultural Britain, the NHS accordingly needs to be aware of an array of different cultures and sub-cultures within the UK (Greenhalgh, 2008). In addition, the NHS and wider social and health care sectors must be aware of cultural differences, religious tolerance, and language barriers. According to Sarangi (2010), and in line with the values of a tolerant society, everybody should be treated with respect and in accordance with their cultural and ethnic values. Care workers must, therefore, keep in mind cultural, religious, and linguistic differences so as to ensure, as Reamer (2013) notes, that service users do not feel that they have been treated in a way that is disrespectful, for it might lead to the creation of feelings of disappointment and shame. Such emotions would be counter-productive to the establishment of a professional and meaningful client-professional working relationship. For example, a Muslim client may request a halal meal and the hospital or care f acility should provide one so that it operates in a manner that is respectful of the needs of the client. Indeed, ensuring that such values are central to patient care may help patient recovery and will further show the patient that his or her individual needs are valued by the service.Whilst, within a British context, English is the main language, there are capacious swathes of the population who do not speak the language, do not understand the language, or have no knowledge of the language (Beresford, Croft and Adshead, 2008). Thus, it is essential for the wellbeing of all citizens that English is not the only language in which heath care provision and needs are discussed. There have been major moves forward in this regard over the last thirty years throughout British society, with an change magnitude number of publications of an ordained nature being available in different languages. Thus, even the cultural sensitivities of the Welsh and Scottish are now addressed with regard to the publication of knowledge. With reference to health care, service users who either do not speak English or have very little knowledge of it, may find communicating their health care needs difficult, as Beresford, Croft and Adshead (2008) assert. In order to treat such people with respect and dignity, the health service must continue to act in a proactive way and employ translators so that those who do not speak the language can still have their health needs assessed. This is, Weitz (2009) notes, an arena of increasing importance within the UK as the country becomes evermore multicultural.The Department of Health ensures that when teaching is provided to clients and service users, leaflets are distributed in different languages. Such provision needs to be expanded so that all who use the NHS feel valued regardless of the language in which they choose to communicate. Indeed, it has been suggested by Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) that all hospitals and surgeries should have a range of translators on call at all times it is evident that were this provision to be widened to every care home and local authority responsible for the wider social needs of patients, further progress would be made. If such services are not provided, those who do not communicate in English may feel like second-class citizens and this would have a drastic impact on the extent to which the health sector could build a meaningful relationship with such clients ineffective communication would lead to poor quality services.Policies and procedures are implemented so that different religious and cultural backgrounds, along with differences in socio-economic status, are not reacted to in a negative manner within a health and social care setting. The latter of these, socio-economic status, can often be overlooked but needs to be considered so that no member of the public feels discriminated against in the service that they receive (Weitz, 2009). subsisting legislation provides pri mal guidance as to how health and care operatives should work and it is clear, from that legislation, as Ife (2012) notes, that issues of intolerance have no place in modern day social and health care. The same also applies to issues of sexual orientation the respect agenda is, therefore, an important component of daily life in social and health care settings. Existing legislation allows all people to have the right to be offered the facilities that they need to ensure that their health and wellbeing is maximised by the state and, within an increasingly multicultural society, techniques and strategies of communication have been successfully established to enable all to inlet the services that they need (Healy, 2014). Complacency is not, however, an option for the service needs continue to develop on a daily basis and it is imperative therefore that the service as a whole, as well as staff on an individual basis, reflect critically upon their own actions to ensure that they work i n a non-discriminatory manner (Burks and Kobus, 2012).How legislation, charters and codes of practice impact on the communication process in health and social careGood practice with regards to communication in the work place is achieved through the adoption of various techniques and methods. As Ife (2012) opines, the information Protection Act is an important piece of legislation in the piece of work and it ensures that personal data is secured and rileed in a controlled and responsible manner. Health care discs are, by definition, very personal and many patients have concerns as to how such data is stored. By enforcing rigorous protocols and ensuring, through ongoing training and assessment, that all staff understand the importance of best practice in data vindication, such fears can be allayed. It is also worthy of note that clients may also now seek copies of all data held or so them. Accordingly, it is vital, as Reamer (2013) maintains, that data recorded about individual patients is always done in a mature and professional manner so as to ensure that no offence is caused. Further, the information contained within such records cannot be disclosed to a third party without the consent of the service user. The Data Protection Act can be seen, therefore, to promote good practice and, as such, helps to ensure that the health sector runs smoothly. Treating somebody as humanely as possible is therefore a fundamental aspect of health and social care and, if privacy and dignity are respected, it follows that the protection of human rights is also achieved (Ife, 2012). confederate to this are issues that relate to freedom of speech, choice and the rights of individual patients it is clear, as noted within this essay, that by increasing the ability of patients to communicate effectively with health care professionals about their care, patient voice is increased.The effectiveness of organisational systems and policies in promoting good practices in communicatio nAs Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum (2011) assert, good practice in communication within health and social care contributes to the efficiency of the service and builds confidence and trust in individuals. This is shown by the fact that staff and professionals are governed by a code of conduct (Hepworth et al., 2010). In addition, the use of computers has revolutionised the National Health Service and, within the confines of this essay, an example of the effectiveness that increased computerisation has brought is described. For example, a case that was reviewed in the unit referred to a gentleman picked up by the police, as he was wandering the streets. This middle-aged man had been shouting and responding to voices in his head and it appeared that he was unwell. The police rang the Mental Health Assessment Unit and asked for more information about the patient, including whether or not he was known to the service. As a result of the computerisation of records, a simple search on the b rowser indicated that he was known and provided details of previous care. This, therefore, allowed paramedics to respond to his needs more quickly because they were aware of his preconditions. Such efficiency within the service would not have been possible with the computerisation of records. However, such systems do bring into question issues of data protection and it is imperative that, as Cournoyer (2013) states, computer records are held in a secure manner and that information is kept confidential, so no third party can access it without the consent of a senior manager.Ways of improving the communication process in a health and social care settingThe National Health Service has implemented a system whereby a patients record and daily progress are being saved on RiO. On this system a patients file can be retrieved and updated. In most hospitals, RiO is used and it has proved to be effective (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). The main drawback of this method is that all staff members whether junior or senior have to have access to RiO, creating superfluous budgetary pressures on training. An individual patients health is monitored on RiO and any staff member can offset information, such as a care plan, from the details stored. This could cause problems if a staff member incidentally deletes something. This again illustrates why increasing training budgets is essential to improve communication processes (Sarangi, 2010). In addition, on some of the wards, the verbal and written commands of staff are very poor. This can be particularly evident where nurses do not have a very solid grasp of English (Krauss and Fussell, 2014). Whilst it is important not to discriminate, there is a need for a robust process of recruitment to ensure that all medical professionals can communicate with each other in a clear manner (Reeves et al., 2011). In order to inform this problem, staff should only be recruited on the basis of the qualifications that they possess. Ind eed, it is now widely argued by academics, including Miles and Mezzich (2011) and Greenhalgh (2008) that a negligible qualification level should apply to all health care professionals perhaps at a level equivalent to an NVQ level 2 qualification.The National Care Standards Act (2000) makes provisions for the standard of care to be delivered and in so doing sets out 42 standards of care that need to be implemented. Within the documentation there is not much emphasis on the implementation of modern systems of communication that can contribute in the provision of information about the care services as well as service users and staff. So far the standards of care have been monitored on a humanistic basis, but the communication systems need to be improved (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). This could once again be achieved through further training. In addition the Care role Commission has the power to inspect and assess the performance care homes and to make recommendations in ar eas where an improvement in the level of services being delivered is neededStandard ICT boxs to support work in health and social careWith continuous progress in the field of information technology and the medical and healthcare sectors, the use of the software packages for dealing with reports such as writing, printing, storing, retrieving, updating, and referring have become very important. Indeed, as Reeves et al. (2011) suggest, computer literacy is a basic requirement for all health care professionals. Older staff and those who may not have benefitted from recent school-based educational opportunities may once more benefit from the availability of tailored courses. Further, as systems develop, there is clear evidence to suggest that all staff should undertake refresher courses, especially with regards to data protection law (Thompson, Parrott and Nussbaum, 2011). Prior to recent IT developments, all patient records were recorded on paper. This was not only clumsy but made sea rching for specific records more difficult. Further, the records could only be readily accessed on site. These deficiencies in the paper-based approach have been rectified by the adoption of multi-layered computer systems, which also enable remote access and the sharing of information between agencies. As Parrott and Madoc-Jones (2008) claim, critical to this revolution in the keeping, making, and recall of paperwork has been the development of both(prenominal) the internet and the intranet. However, this has also brought an array of potential problems, including issues relating to third party access and security. With reference to my own study (as a means of providing a practical example), the use of computers has developed to such an extent that it has cut down on all paper work. Daily progress notes are entered on a sophisticated package and day-to-day care of the clients is inputted on the system.Benefits of ICT in health and social care for users of services, care workers, an d care organisationsIf a service user is discharged from the health services and thereafter returns to see his local general practitioner or attend an accident and emergency unit, an advantage of computer-based records is that his details can be retrieved from the system. Such information that was not readily transferrable using paper-based systems helps multi-disciplinary teams achieve continuity of care and, as a result, the client is treated better. In addition, as Parrott and Madoc-Jones (2008) notes, social workers find it easier to go on the internet and find places for service users in different catchment areas quickly. Detailed information about the services offered is displayed and the service user is updated processing times are quicker and treatment is again improved. IT also helps with training both in delivery and record keeping. Indeed, as has been evident through my own experience, most training in mental health trusts is done online.ConclusionThis assignment has, t hrough case studies, personal experience, and the assimilation of data from existing studies, provided a everlasting(a) overview of a range of communication techniques used in the NHS and associated social care settings. In addition, comment has been made on the individual needs of patients and how these can best be assessed using a range of different theories. Further, the role of ICT has been discussed and examples given as to how its incorporation into health and social care sectors has transformed working practices. Through addressing

Webster family case study

Webster family suit of clothes studyThe vitrine Study The Webster Family, A Family In Crisis?This assignment requires me to outline what flummox of taxment I go away use when workings with the Webster family. I will overly fall through a description on how the family was referred to social services for a Section 47 (S47) investigation. in that respect will be a schema meeting and the details of this meeting will be outlined along with instructions given. There will be a case convocation held to discuss whether the barbarianren argon at risk of satisfying ill-use or the likelihood of significant harm. There will be a clear advocateation as to whether I will register these children on the child protection register, justifying my decision. Whilst working with the Webster family I will inform what legislation I employ, my research into the theories mired and excessively I will provide details of all anti-oppressive practice and any anti-discriminatory practice whils t working with this family.Ms Webster and Mr Webster ready lived together for twelve eld. They live with tierce children, Faith and Hope who are twins and are aged ten and benignity who is seven years old. unselfishness has Cerebral palsy, is doubly incontinent and is a wheelchair drug user. Mrs Webster is a teacher and Mr Webster was a probation officer who up until twelve months ago worked full judgment of conviction. Following an accident a work he has taken beforehand(predicate) retirement on health grounds and is now employed full prison term as a househusband looking afterwards the children. The family are non known to social services or any former(a) social welfare agencies. There guard been many tensions building up within the family home since his accident and after a violent row Mr Webster left the family home.After speaking to the headmaster it appeared on that point had been an incident of domestic ferocity in front of the children and rung.Previous to this incident, the day before Charities class teacher had had reported to Mr Perry that oer the last both weeks Charities port had deteriorated, her clothes were un idle and her nappies were soiled and charity smelled of urine. Charity had also began creation hard-hitting to her friends and to the staff. A staff member had also discovered pressure sores on Charity. When Charities teacher telephoned Ms Webster to tell of their concerns, Ms Webster was frosty in response.After the incident international the school Mr Webster apologizeed that Ms Webster had attacked him on two other occasions and these incidents again where witness by the children. On both occasions the police were called, however Mr Webster was concerned round social services and did not press charges.After the incident, later that afternoon The Education Welfare Officer (EWO) Ms Murray, went to cut back Ms Webster at home just now was ref utilize entry. Ms Webster was verbally abusive. Ms Murray because tried to speak to Charity but she refused to talk to her. Ms Murray then went to go out Mr Webster where the twins were staying. The twins seemed fine but a little subdued. Mr Webster stated that he would be looking after the twins and he would like custody of all three children. Following the visit a strategy meeting was formed. A strategy interchange will take place if there is reasonable cause to suspect that a child is suffering or is likely to suffer significant harm. This will involve The Local Authority Social Care, the Police and other bodies as appropriate for example, a headmaster or a teacher (Working Together to Safeguard Children, 2006). Present in the meeting was myself (duty explosive charge social worker), Ms Gold (my team manager), WPC Bond (family protection unit), Mr Perry (headmaster) and Ms Murray (EWO). A strategy discussion is to share information regarding the situation at hand and another aspect is to plan how the S47 enquiry, if there is to be one, shoul d be carried out. We can also agree action is required immediately to safeguard and put forward the welfare of the child. The Domestic Violence Unit reported they did not refer these incidents to Social Services as they did not see the children to be at any risk, however Working Together states that children may suffer instanter and indirectly if they live in households where there is domestic violence and domestic violence is likely to shed a damaging effect on the health and development of children. It is often appropriate for such children to be regarded as children in need S17.Mckie (2005) makes well-nigh interesting observations on the terms perpetrator and victim in an analysis of domestic violence. The policies and practices connected with domestic violence become gendered in so far as women are conceptualized as those who should act. Mckie (2005). Working Together also says that children who witness domestic violence allow been shown to be at risk from behavioural, e motional, physical, cognitive functioning, attitude and long term developmental problems.We do know that Charity has become aggressive and abusive.After the strategy meeting and because of the concerns regarding Charity, It was agreed after a discussion with my team manager that I would visit Ms Webster to discuss the referral from school. From this I would then make an assessment as to whether the child/children are at risk of significant harm or the likelihood of significant harm. The boilersuit decision was that a S47 enquiry should proceed with immediate effect.Some children are in need because they are suffering or likely to suffer significant harm. Concerns about maltreatment may be a reason for a referral of a family to social services. In such fate, the Local Authority is obliged to lease initiating enquiries to find out what is happening to a child and whether action should be taken to protect a child. This is set out in Part V S47 of The Children Act 1989 ( safeguard of Children).The Framework for the Assessment of Children In demand and Their Families (2000), section 1.28 states that the LA has a duty to respond to children in need to provide services to denigrate the effects of disabilities, this applies to Charity. We also have to take steps to prevent neglect or ill treatment. There does appear to be in this, in relation to Charitys case. Section 17 of the Childrens Act says that services may be provided to assist a child in need. This would refer to Ms Webster if she is agreeable because the involve of advert carers are an integral part of an assessment because providing these services which meets the postulate of the parents is often the most effective meaning of promoting the welfare of children, concomitantly disabled children. My role now is to recommend which route we proceed down.When I went to visit Ms Webster, She was hostile towards me. Ms Webster verbalise she had never been violent to her husband before and denied the incide nt out-of-door school. Ms Webster claimed she had no problems looking after her children but showed a negative attitude towards Charity. She spoke about Charity as if she was not there and referred to Charity as she instead of by her name. Ms Webster said Charity was hard work and was always soiling her nappies, shouting and crying. Ms Webster seemed angry as she was explaining this. Whilst we were talking, Charity did not say anything but looked as if she wanted to cry. Charitys appearance was unclean and she smelled of urine. Ms Webster was clearly revoke about her husbands sexuality, more than for the safety of her children. When entering Charitys bedroom which Ms Webster had reluctantly agreed to, I implant bed clothes stained with urine and stools. The en-suite and bath were both unclean. The rest of the home however was clean and tidy. I spoke to Ms Webster about my concerns and told her that she would be entitled to avail if she would accept it. This empowered Ms Webster and allowed her to feel there was help if she wanted it and she was not alone. Ms Webster did say that she thought Charity may have been affected by witnessing the recent arguments and she would make sure Charity was not further punctuate that day. It was discussed that Charity had pressure sores from this Ms Webster became frosty. Reluctantly she agreed to take Charity to see her doctor and I ordered to visit the next day.The following day on the 20th January 2008 I visited Ms Webster, but there was no answer. When I tried to telephone her there was still no answer. As a result from this, there were concerns regarding the domestic violence and the condition of Charity and it was decided that a Child Protection Case Conference was to go ahead.I will explain this model of assessment I used in this case before I go on to the case conference. The model of assessment used is The Framework for The Assessment of Children In want and Their Families ( ut 2000) more commonly known as the a ssessment framework. The assessment framework will be integrated into the revised Working Together to Safeguard Children. A mark principle of this framework is that it is child-centred this means that the child is seen and kept in focus throughout the assessment. The child or children are my main priority as a child social worker. It is also rooted in child development which includes recognition of the significance of timing in a childs life. Calder, M and Hackett, S (2003).This particular assessment model is dynamic, fluid and continuous, this helps the intervention because as changes occur in a persons life, it can suit to the changes and my care plan can also be adaptable. A criticism of this model is the timescales can durability social workers towards a procedural model whereas the Exchange Model offers an empowering dialogue with parents. S anthropoid et al (2000) identify a weakness in this model in that this approach may not work if the service user is not engaging in the process or are unable to articulate themselves. It also denies that workers have a professional certificate of indebtedness and can be time consuming, which may create difficulties given the time constraints of The Assessment Framework. It also overlooks the need to adopt a procedural approach given the various questionnaires/scales utilised. Changes have appeared to have happened over the last two weeks for Ms Webster and her family. Domestic violence, with both parties blaming each other and the deteriation of Charitys appearance and her temper towards others. This starts me onto another concept of my assessment, which is parenting capacity. This is done using the assessment triangle, which includes child developmental needfully, family and environmental factors. The DOH dimensions of parenting capacity has six core dimensions of parenting capacity, three of these provisions suggest that Charity is not receiving emotional warmth, Charitys needs for secure, stable and an affec tionate descent, appropriate physical contact to provide comfort and warmth and stability of attachments and radical care to provide food, drink, warmth, appropriate clothing and personal hygiene. Ms Websters capacity concerns me because of her response to Charity and her circumstances involving her cleanliness and her appearance, the way she speaks about Charity, whilst Charity can hear her mother, and her reaction to use support and accept help and the relationship between Ms Webster and Charity.Childrens chances of receiving optimal outcomes will depend on their parents capacities to respond appropriately to their needs at different stages of their lives Calder, M and Hacket, S, (2003).Some of the above factors are included in the integrated model for assessing parenting capacity. The parenting style I would suggest of Ms Webster is neglectful parenting as she is neither responsive nor demanding of Charity. Ms Webster lacks the monitor and the supervision duties surrounding Cha rity at the moment.Neglect is the sour failure to meet a childs underlying physical and/or psychological needs, likely to result in the sincere impairment of the childs health or development. Working Together To Safeguard Children (1999). From my assessment I would put forward in my opinion and recommend that Charity to be put on the child protection register S47 but not her two twin sisters, but would offer support under S17. This is because of the declining condition of Charitys physical condition and appearance, due to her persistent soiled nappies, the urine smell on Charity, her dirty clothes, her pressure sores and her aggressive nature toward others. Charity has suffered round the physical neglect of because of the delay of being taken to a doctor by her mother. Charity also suffered abuse due to witnessing the domestic violence and therefore there is a h3 possibility of emotional abuse. explore shows that prolonged and/or regular exposure to domestic violence can have a terrible impact on the child and/or childrens development and emotional wellbeing and can lead to serious anxiety and distress and in many cases the repetition of violent behaviour. Department of Health (2006). All these factors could lead to significant harm. These are the categories for registration. The twins will not be registered as they are not in any immediate danger as they are both cared for by their father and his partner at the moment, a police check has been carried out and neither is known, the EWO has no concerns regarding the twins. However this situation needs to be monitored and regularly reviewed to safeguard the children as this situation may change. My reasons for recommending registration are the three incidents of domestic violence over the last three months, one known to have been witnesses by the children. Ms Websters reaction outside school when she was verbally abusive, erratic and aggressive. There are neglect issues. We also need to take bet of Chariti es additional needs.A definition of disability is children and their families whose main need for services arises out of the childrens disabilities or immanent condition (DOH 2000). This applies to Charity as she falls within the category and she has a medically diagnosed condition, which is Cerebral Palsy. two parents are blaming each other for the domestic violence issues. There are concerns by school staff regarding Charitys decline in appearance and her aggression. There is also the issue of family attachments which I noted earlier in parenting capacity. After making a recommendation to register Charity an Initial Child Protection Case Conference was set for 28th January 2008. Ms Webster was informed of the decision by telephone and I arranged with her to visit and give her a copy of the notes before the meeting, this will empower Ms Webster and give her some idea of what will happen. I will also keep the family fully informed throughout, invite parents to meetings and explain procedures in an open and honest way. But I will ensure the parents are fully alive(predicate) of my concerns regarding the risks towards Charity. The function of a case conference is to bring together the child (where appropriate), family members and those professionals most entangled with the child and family, following a S47 enquiry. One purpose of this is to decide what future action is required to safeguard and promote the welfare of the child and how action will be taken and what the intended outcomes are. The core group members are I, Ms Webster, Mr Webster, Ms Gold (team manager), WPC Bond (family protection unit), Mr Perry (head teacher) and Ms Murray (EWO). All the above people involved will all play a part in monitoring and safeguarding the surrounding concerns for Charity. During the case conference I will be looking at recommending the following care planBehavioural support, some schools have these implemented by way of school mentor, this could help Charity with her aggression. Anger management advocate for Ms Webster due to the domestic violence issues.Family Resource Centre for Ms Webster and Charity, this could help them both have contact with other families experiencing similar issues.Counselling for mum due to loss and separation and the children.Counselling for Charity to give her a chance to talk to someone about her experiences and how she feels.Charity spending quality time with her father and sisters.With the care plan identified, this can only go ahead if Ms Webster will give her consent as she has parental responsibility.The legislation I have used is Childrens Act 1989/2004 with S47-Duty to asses risk and S17-Duty to assess need. I have also used Working Together to Safeguard Children, this sets out clear guidelines for multi-agency working to protect children from abuse and neglect, this was needed in relation to Charity.I will now move on to theories and research. Neglect can have major long term effects on all aspects of a chi lds health, development and well-being. Maltreatment is likely to have a deeper on the childs self image and self esteem. Difficulties may lead on into adulthood and the experience of long term abuse could lead to difficulties in forming or maintaining close relationships, one of the skills needed to be an effective parent (DOH 2000). DOH 2000 also says that the child could have feelings of isolation and the feeling of being unloved. Stress could affect the parents capacity to respond to their childs needs. This relates to this case as Ms Webster is very stresses since her husband left her for another man. In relation to physical abuse and Charity witnessing this, this could be the reason as to why Charity is showing aggression towards people. Physical abuse has been linked to aggressive behaviour in children, emotional and behavioural problems (Working Together).Further research that relates to the case is the Attachment Theory because of Charitys relationship with her mum and vice versa. Bowlby believed that the primary angel dust is the mother. He said that children deprived of maternal care would tight always be affected in some way. Bowlby (1953). However Ainsworth identified three types of attachment, securely attached, insecurely attached (avoidant) and securely attached (ambivalent). As its core, attachment theory is about the way that childhood needs are met and the long term effects of needs being met or otherwise. Ainsworth (1970). In my opinion I would say Charity is negatively attached. A criticism of Bowlby is that he says that the mother has to be the primary caregiver this is open to much subjection. Children can have attachment figures other than them receiving it from their mother. In some cultures the childcare is shared, not only by mothers but by fathers, grandparents, aunts, uncles and friends Beckett, C, (2002). Another criticism is that it is sexist, it tends to lead to maternal deprivation quite than paternal deprivation, it excuses absent fathers from any imitation of parenting skills. It ignores gender bias and how family make ups can change. This is significant in this case as Mr Webster left the family home. Theory on domestic violence is gendered natured in that, it ignores the facts that female to male violence is increasing. This is significant in this case because Mr Webster had suffered domestic violence issues with his wife. Charity also witnessed domestic violence. back up victims and children to get protection from violence, by providing relevant practical and other assistance is one of the considerations to include when involved in a child protection case (Working Together pg 2004).There are contradictions within the legislative framework. The Children Act 1989 contravenes the Human Rights Act because S8 of the Human Rights act states that in absolute certainty children should not be removed from their family and the Children Act defines harm but not significant harm. The Framework for the Assess ment of Children in Need and their Families is not without contradiction. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation 1999, points out that it would be helpful to strengthen the assessment framework by stating that the responsibility of the local authority is not only to promote and safeguard the welfare of the child but also the rights of the child.Throughout my work I will continue to reflect on my practice and how my own value and assumptions may unconsciously affect my decisions.