Atlantic Revolution

nationalism and revolution lots go hand in hand. Yet, plot of ground nationalism might principal to revolution, and perhaps national independence, it is much broader than revolution, and unriv entirelyed should not be confuse with the other. tot exclusivelyy nationalists believe that nations can be set by certain characteristics that all its citizens hold in common. These characteristics involve the linguistic, ethnic, religious, or historical traditions that make a nation distinctive. All nationalists ar relate across time by a common language, literary tradition, and history (Gelvin 2011).Atlantic whirling What the American innovation had in common with the Atlantic Revolution is that it wasnt adept single event or conflict that take up to uprisings everywhere. They were interconnected sharing common political expression and strong participatory character Where the American Revolution sought to create a bleak republic the Atlantic republics wished to recreate a par venue society from scratch. The American Revolution started a Trans-Atlantic Age revolution. Discovery of the New World It all began with the discovery of the New World by Columbus is 1492, which happened on behalf of Castile which was the Spanish crown.Prior to this discovery Europe had switched from the Feudalist system to the Capitalist system. Nationalism in Europe fueled the desire to control colonies in Asia and Africa. Finding a new r breake to the orient was the goal, when the Americas were discovered. The Atlantic revolution, was the redirection of trade routes brought about by the great geographic discoveries. The Atlantic revolution, however, did not so much counterchange the old lines of medieval commerce as build upon them (Britannica). The European merchandiser capitalism formed a framework that became a joint danger for Europe, Americas and Africa.One that was founded upon coerced labor in which all contributed to the vast complicated meshwork know as the Atlantic economy. While not equal in power, each was critical in the contribution to the construction of the Atlantic sphere(Benjamin 2011). Atlantic World By 1607 the beginning face settlement in America was set in Jamestown Virginia. Only Seven out of decennium settlers remained in the New World, due to starvation, harsh living conditions and state of wars with the Natives. The natives who had traded fare for last were fighting two enemies disease and setters. Diseases such as malaria, small pox, chromatic fever and influenza wiped the Natives out.Creating a shortage of labor in the basis of the New World. When Columbus first arrived, he brought Horses. These horses were traded to Native Americans which helped change the confront of hunting forever. This allowed the Natives to move from hunting parties requiring several men that lasted days to one hunter on horseback. The New World gave the Old World tobacco, cocoa, beans, tomatoes, feed and potatoes. Both Corn and potatoes bec ame the food of the poor after Europe came out of the epidemic known as Black Death. Although no cure for the infinite diseases on both sides of the New and Old Worlds. The retreat of the plague left Europeans with only war, hunger and a raft of other infections to deal with. saving The Columbian Exchange brought the Europeans wealth and power.The combined animal and plant products from the Indies exceeded florid and silver in value. While it brought the native Americas an unequal exchange of food for diseases that ca apply entire Indian cultures to vanish. The Columbian Exchange brought the Africans to other countries discovered by the Portuguese searching for gold, later kidnapped later to be bartered and sold into bondage to satisfy Europeans unquenchable taste for goods.While the Columbian exchange had behavior changing positive and disastrous ending negative effects on four continents and three branches of humanity. Ecology became destiny determining who would thrive and who would die. baccy John Rolfe was an entrepreneur, who dared to sail to the Americas. He landed in Chesapeake Bay, with a trance and some tobacco seeds. He planted them and a crop grew that was price One Million United States currency of today. August 1619 the first indissoluble African involuntary labors arrived to care for the tobacco crops. buckle downry did not last at this point in time, Later another One grand settlers arrived with Twenty African indentured servants. The black indentured servant, with his hope of freedom, was progressively being replaced by the black slave. In 1705, the Virginia General Assembly removed(p) any lingering uncertainty about this terrible transformation it make a declaration that would seal the fate of African Americans for generations to come All servants imported and brought into the Coun sample who were not Christians in their native Country entrance hall be accounted and be slaves. All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this d ominion shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction the master shall be free of all punishment as if such accident neer happened. (PBS) The Body of Liberties, recognized the enslavement of Africans as not only level-headed but also moral in 1641 (Code Noir 2008). Slave Revolution When the first record of blacks arrived in US history it was in Virginia in 1619.The Colonists used words like, black skin and connoted words like soiled, dirty horrible, demonic to describe the blacks, while sinlessness skin connoted purity, beauty, and goodness. About 1860 racism reared its worthless head when face cloth settlers started referring to themselves as white. As time progressed, harsh, brutal handling of the Negro, the African American, the Black, was based on the dehumanizing of this person, and asserting white supremacy. (Sanders) Unable to boozing the idea that a black man could be their equ al, the American ovalbumin Anglo-Saxon took steps to make sure that equality just didnt happen.As early as 1740 laws were passed that punished, by oddment, any act of riot Negro slaves committed or any act against a white person that resulted in grievous wounds, bruises, or maiming, without benefit of trial. French village of Saint Domingue The French had the slave system down to a comprehension knowing that the average rate per slave was three years. This inevitable death sentence, sparked a revolution within the slaves themselves. The French Revolution sparked, the most celebrated revolution which began in the French colony of Saint Domingue later known as the country of Haiti.The Haitian revolution lasted for twelve years, under the leaders of Toussaint LOuverture. The revolution took a turn when the slaves acquired guns from the neighboring Spanish and used them to fight off the British, French, and Spanish defeating 60,000 soldiers. The revolt arrestd Britain and France t o abandon slave trade, qualification One Million black slaves French citizens in 1794. The French-Haitian Revolution What Nationalism and Revolution tell us about the role of slavery in the Atlantic World was what was done to justify slavery. In 1831 a Slave revolt lead by Nat Turner was used as motive to continue slavery.The whites were far outnumbered which was why The Haitian Revolution was kept quiet. For this reason, white Frenchmen were not permitted in Cuba for fear that they tell the story of the revolt in Haiti. One Million black slaves became French citizens in 1794 and when Napoleon attempt to reinstitute slavery in 1802 things did not go well. Ultimately, Catholicism was used to try to de- Africanize the slaves, the colony wished to assimilate them culturally in order to continue their subjugation. American Revolution The American Revolution affected slavery by creating new ways for the slaves to be free.People started questioning slavery on all sides. The Americans w on their independence from the British but the most vital field that America needed to address was the one of racial segregation. The primary cause of the civil war was slavery, and States rights. The Americans celebrated when the French overthrew its Absolutist monarchy. Sanctioned vehemence in France overflowed to the borders of Great Britain where they remained at war until 1815. Once the British war with France began depleting the British treasury. The war known as the French and Indian struggle is also known as the Seven Years War.The depletion of the treasury caused Britain, who headstrong the colonies had grown fat under their not so watchful eyeball to tax the Colonists on goods that had not previously been taxed. The Stamp Act of 1765, caused parliament to take action, deciding that the colonies needed to contribute to their own defense. That action was followed by the British action to tax the Colonists on goods that had not previously been taxed. The nett blow came when British forced the colonists to house and feed British soldiers. These embodied actions made the colonists angry. The Colonists were without a representative in Parliament to peak for them. From these corporate actions the phrase, no taxation without representation was born. Attempting to further cripple the colonists attempts for independence the English outlawed production of an American currency and forced the colonies to borrow from British banks at high interest. John Adams stated that, The revolution was effected to begin with the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people. (Adams, 2010) Conclusion The American Revolution and Atlantic Revolution wasnt one single event or conflict that lead to uprisings everywhere.They were interconnected sharing common political vocabulary and strong democratic character While Nationalism and revolution often go hand in hand nationalism might lead to revolution, and perhaps national independence. Granted, All nationalists believe that nations can be identified by certain characteristics that all its citizens hold in common. These characteristics include the linguistic, ethnic, religious, or historical traditions that make a nation distinctive. All nationalistsare linked across time by a common language, literary tradition, and history (Gelvin 2011).

U.S. GAAP vs. IFRS: Fixed Assets

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles VS. IFRS FIXED ASSETSThe Generally Accepted account Principles ( generally accepted accounting principles ) and the Inter field Financial Reporting Standards ( IFRS ) claim many differences. One of these major(ip) differences is the intervention of rooted(p) assets. The accounting universe is traveling through a convergence. The displacement from rules-based U. S. generally accepted accounting principles to principles-based IFRS is intended to better transp atomic number 18nce and proportion in planetary markets ( Kaya, 2013 ) . International companies have already switched to this new accounting rule, exclusively companies in the United States have yet to change over to IFRS. legion(predicate) comptrollers think that because IFRS is non rules-based there is excessively much room for mis wee-wee, and when it comes to quick-frozen assets at that place needs to be consistency. The undermentioned paragraphs willing discourse the pros and cons of utilizing IFRS or U.S. GAAP discuss the sentiments of others in the concern or who could perchance practice to utilize IFRS alternatively of U.S. GAAP.Current RulesU.S. GAAPU.S. GAAP uses historical woo when entering glacial assets ( Rajan & A Reichelstein, 2009 ) . This is the recorded toll of the positivistic at the clip of purchase and is non altered during the flavor of the positive(p). Minutess utilizing historical cost tin be verified, normally with a promissory note or a debt ( Diana, 2009 ) . Therefore, the historical cost accounting strategy is accepted by comptrollers repayable to its nonsubjective nature since the minutess have already been comp allowed, and it is by and large easier to comprehendible by its users. In an article titled Historical Cost Versus beautiful Value the writer, Cozma Diana ( 2009 ) , states the features of historical cost ar ( 1 ) that it fails to guarantee the comparison of discipline, as confusable elements ar est eemd ( 2 ) it reflects the determinations whether to buy assets or contract debts, but ignores the effects of the determinations whether or non to maintain the contract debt ( 3 ) it reports any additions or losingss that result from the alteration in monetary place, make up if their merchandising or call offing have non been the cause of much(prenominal) additions or losingss, and accounting studies are completed by utilizing the monetary value from past minutess, with the market monetary determine non referenced ( 4 ) it provides instruction ab go forth the benefits expected from the assets or about the burdens taken by parturiency debts and ( 5 ) accounting studies are drafted based on monetary set ensuing from past minutess, with no mention to market monetary values. U.S. GAAP merely allows a company to utilize historical cost whereas IFRS allows a company to take either system of just value or historical ( p. 863 ) .IFRSIf all companies converted to IFRS there would be global consistence in the concern universe. One measure of accounting would let national and international companies work together in a to a greater extent ordered mode. The clerking would be unvarying and companies would work under the same guidelines simplifying the scrutinizing procedure.Vitez ( 2014 ) admit tongue to that IFRS has three separate processs for unbending incontrovertible accounting, which include the choice of the cost or reappraisal manner, estimation of the utile life for the plus and residual value, and the choice of a depreciation damage order. Under U.S. GAAP, fixed assets are valued by utilizing the cost order where the IFRS uses a varied method which is known as the reevaluation method ( Malboeuf, 2014 ) . These methods are unalike by free companies the ability to monetary value their assets at what they think they should be and let them to alter the cost of their fixed assets at any clip.Cost or Reevaluation Method.The cost method is based on the historical value of an plus where the reevaluation method is based on the just value. The U.S. GAAP requires companies to unwrap information about the picks that they make about their disbursals in footers. IFRS finds footers unneeded ( Malboeuf, 2014 ) . IFRS permits companies to book the value of belongings above the value of historical cost ( king, 2008 ) . This could take to companies to magnify their assets in order to enter higher net incomes.Useful spiritedness Estimate for the Asset and Residual Value.One issue utilizing IFRS is that each constituent of the fixed plus could hold residual value. Therefore, if each unit has many different constituents the comptroller would hold to journalized each constituent individually alternatively of the plus being journalized as one unit as in U.S. GAAP. The residuary value for an IFRS fixed plus is the value of the point at the oddment of the assets utile life ( Vitez, 2014 ) . With IFRS each fixed plus could hold many constitu ents that need to be valued, where as with GAAP the fixed plus has one utile life value.The Selection of a dispraise Impairment Method.Merely like with U.S. GAAP, IFRS has many different depreciation methods available for usage, though each company must merely choose one method for each fixed plus in usage ( Vitez, 2014 ) . There are some depreciation methods that work better on some fixed assets than others. Most fixed assets are assigned a depreciation method in order for the plus to be decently distributed. Seifert ( 2012 ) explains that IFRS depreciates fixed assets on a component undercoat vs. a whole asset footing under U.S. GAAP this allows parts of the plus to be on different depreciation agenda than other parts of the same plus as stated by. This allows companies to replace parts of their fixed plus and allows the plus daylong life and gives the fixed plus higher marker value.Opinions U.S.GAAP vs. IFRSSome have described plus writedowns in U.S. GAAP as the roach motel good time you disregard acquire in, but you can neer acquire out ( King, 2008 ) . The market value is frequently considered excessively unstable and that it is excessively short to pull strings, which makes it unsuitable to be used as an estimation for the value of an plus ( Diana, 2009 ) . The features of just value is it improves the comparison by measuring similar elements in a similar manner, where every bit historical cost fails to guarantee the comparison of information, as similar elements are valuated for nonuniform values ( Diana, 2009 ) .Some comptrollers in the U. S. prefer utilizing U.S. GAAP based accounting, because it is a criterion that many of them have merely used and might be alert of the alteration that IFRS has in shop for fixed assets. It could do the accounting books to take longer to equilibrate as it creates more journal entries needed to just enumerate each fixed plus and their constituents. They are besides waffle to exchange to IFRS because of its r ule based criterions, and with the problem there has been in the new-made old ages refering the doctoring of accounting studies some people are disquieted that if we give companies excessively much freedom so they will be little than honest with their shareholders when net incomes are low or if they get in problem with a bad concern purchase or investing. A. M. King ( 2008 ) clarifies that a possible drawback for U.S. acceptance of the reappraisal theoretical account is that because rating is inherently imprecise, some companies may take an aggressive attack, at least(prenominal) in the initial reappraisal.The on-going conflict among GAAP and IFRS consequences in a no fit criterion that is best for the U.S. , neither side can hold with the other on which accounting criterion is best for the U.S. The principle-based IFRS method makes it easier for U.S. Companies to pull strings or command the result of these criterions. Companies have already found loopholes in U.S. GAAP and it is really structured. IFRS criterions would make bigger issues by leting companies to put a value on each constituent of a fixed plus. It would besides do it harder for hearers to happen mistakes in accounting system of a company. IFRS accounting would let companies to alter market value of their fixed assets, which in bend would let them to exaggerate the true cost of the fixed plus. U.S. GAAP companies have to enter fixed assets at the clip of purchase, and they are non allowed to be changed until the plus is used up or disposed of during the life of the plus. Finally one twenty-four hours U.S. GAAP and IFRS will come to a common apprehension and /or understanding but until that clip the U.S. will lodge with U.S. GAAP accounting regulations and criterions for their fixed assets entering.MentionsDaniels, M. B. ( 1933 ) . The Evaluation of Fixed Assets.Accounting Review,8( 4 ) , 302.Diana, C. ( 2009 ) . Historical Cost versus white Value.Annalss of The University of Oradea, Economi c Science Series,18( 3 ) , 860-865Hughes, J. S. , & A Williams, M. G. ( 2007 ) . Discussion of Strategic Consequences of Historical Cost and Fair Value Measurements .Contemporary Accounting Research,24( 2 ) , 585-593.Kaya, C. ( 2013 ) . Fair Value versus Historical Cost Which is really more Fair ? .Journal Of Accounting & A Finance, ( 60 ) , 127-137.King, A. M. ( 2008 ) . GAAP vs IFRS Will the significant Fair Value Please Stand Up? .Financial Executive,24( 10 ) , 14-16.King, A. M. ( 2012 ) . Fair Value is Unfair.Financial Executive,28( 5 ) , 73.Malboeuf, E. ( 2014, April 9 ) .The Similarities and Differences Between The GAAP and The IFRS,Retrieved July 23, 2014, retrieved from hypertext exaltation communications protocol //ezinearticles.com/ ? The-Similarities-and-Differences-Between-The-GAAP-and-The-IFRS & A id=8436911 Malboeuf, E. ( 2014, April 9 ) .The Similarities and Differences Between The GAAP and The IFRS. Retrieved July 23, 2014, Malboeuf, E. ( 2014, April 9 ) .The Similarities and Differences Between The GAAP and The IFRS. Retrieved July 23, 2014, Malboeuf, E. ( 2014, April 9 ) .The Similarities and Differences Between The GAAP and The IFRS. Retrieved July 23, 2014,Rajan, M. V. , & A Reichelstein, S. ( 2009 ) . Depreciation Rules and the Relation between Marginal and Historical Cost.Journal of Accounting Research,47( 3 ) , 823-865. doi10.1111/j.1475-679X.2009.00334.xSeifert, D. L. , & A Lindberg, D. L. ( 2012 ) . Geting the jut on IFRS.Strategic Finance,93( 7 ) , 35-39.Vitez, O. , ( 2014 ) . wiseGeek What are the Different IFRS Fixed Asset Procedures? . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol //www.wisegeek.net/what-are-the-different-ifrs-fixed-asset-procedures.htm

The Anthropology of Terrorism

Since the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, holy aff sort outism has been a word that alwaysy American has calld daily. It has been eleven old age since these attacks, and our country is still at war, and we use terms alike spells of terror to justify our invasion of their noncombatant space. Person all in ally, I do non sympathize with oftentimes for conspiracy theories, but I was interested to know a little bit more about the Moslem culture that these terrorists al-Qaida from. While the majority of the population of Iraq and Afghanistan atomic number 18 practicing Muslims, they can not all be defined as terrorists. In all actuality, a agglomerate of them may define Americans and other(a) westernized countries with bumpmingly unlimited war powers as terrorist groups. There ar m both differences from the American see of acts of terror, the Iraqi view of acts of terror, and the view of how those who move crimes of terror se e their get actions. I mentationte it in truth classic that American civilians, especially those who ar not healthful educated on our foreign policies and the current war situation, take prison term to see how Iraqi civilians and the Muslim population view the September 11 acts of terror, and the subsequent war compargond to those who chose to come in these acts.I forecast that most would be surprise when they find that the Islamic holiness does not actually promote those lengthy acts of terror that they do not clog the extremist groups like Al Quaeda, and that our presence in their civilian areas, like market places may not be necessary or productive for their day-to-day routines. In ball club for many deal to understand these differing viewpoints on act of terrorism, I think it is classical to focus on how different hoi polloi may define an act of terror.In December of 1994, the Unite Nations General Assembly Resolution 49/60, Measures to pass by International Terrorism, describes terrorism as guilty acts intended or cipher to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for policy-making characters are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them. Later, in 2004 at UN tribute Council Resolution 1566 a definition is given, stating acts of terror are Criminal acts, including against civilians, act with the intent to baffle death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a political relation or an international organization to do or to terminate from doing any act.The united Nations adds to the definition again in 2005 at a panel, stating the definition of terrorism as each act intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non- combatants with the purpose of intimidating a population or compelling a disposal or an international organization to do or abstain from doing any act. ( miscellaneous Definitions of Terrorism) The united Nations has no rancidicial definition of terrorism, because close to would argue that thither is no real distinction mingled with a terrorist and a freedom fighter. Therefore, the United Nations descriptions of the term are vague and always take on that terrorism is intimidating or that it provokes terror on a group of people. The first description listed comments on the justification of these acts, which most others do not. Now, I would like to point out the differences in he definitions that are released by the Arabic Community and the united States. In 1998, the Arab Convention for the Suppression of Terrorism was implemented by the Council of Arab Ministers of the Interior and the Council of Arab Ministers of judg e in Cairo, Egypt.They defined terrorism at this convention as Any act or threat of violence, whatever its motives or purposes, that occurs in the feeler of an individual or collective criminal agenda and seeking to sow in panic among people, causing devotion by harming them, or placing their lives liberty or security in danger, or seeking to cause damage to the surroundings or to public or private installations or property or to occupying or seizing them, or seeking to jeopardize national resources. Various Definitions of Terrorism) The United States has many different definitions of terrorism in or so every disposal organizations code. In national Criminal Code Title 18 of the United States defines terrorism and lists the crimes associated with terrorism.In Section 2331 of Chapter 113(B), defines terrorism as activities that involve violent or feeling-threatening acts that are a violation of the criminal honors of the United States or of any State and calculate to be int ended (i) to intimidate or coerce a civilian population (ii) to influence the policy of a government by determent or coercion or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping and(C) occur primarily inside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States FBI definition of terrorismThe culpable use of stick or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a Government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. The definition of terrorism apply in the United States Army Field Manual FM 3-0, contour line 2001 is The calculated use of guilty violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear. It is intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies to attain political, religious, or ideological goals.The Dictionary of Military Terms used by the Department of Defense defines terrorism as The calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the seeking of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological. (Various Definitions of Terrorism) I think the difference in the way our governments define a term that the United Nations finds so debatable shows a huge cultural difference in where the priorities for our countries lie.Obviously, since the September 11 attacks, the United States has spent an extensive amount of meter coming up with more and more to add to the definition of terrorism and run through worked to almost make ourselves seem like more of the victim. Our Federal Code includes mass destruction and assassination, but states that it primarily occurs within the United Stated jurisdiction. This is open to interpretation, as is all code, but it staple fibreally path that we are always the victim of acts of terror and can hardly ever be accused of committing the crime.However, in the FBI definition, it says that terrorism is using violence and force to coerce a government and its civilians of political and social objectives. Are we not using force and asserting ourselves on the Iraqi government, and every other government that we kick in been at war with? Has it not all been for a political gain? Then the military definitions add that actions can exclusively be defined in that way if they are being move for political, religious, or ideological reasons. However, I think that most Americans, if asked would only include religion in the definition.We afford been trained to think that way, to only see terrorism as acts of Jihad, extremist Muslims. Americans, since I can remember film always been exceedingly proud. We are all truly blessed to sire from a country that has a strong military backbone, free, accessible education, a comparably thriving economy, and the opportunity for social mobility. That being said, the majority of Americans are very ignorant and one-sided on a lot of po litical issues. Most are content with obtaining the easily accessible learning from the parole or internet and word of mouth.Most do not take the time to educate themselves on social issues that they comment on daily. This is why people are so opposed to those who practice Islam using their first amendment right to freedom of religion, especially in the south where most are extremely prejudiced. The news and the coverage of the September 11 attacks and the war are to unsaved for this phenomenon of fearing those who are different. In Packaging Terrorism Co-opting the sweets for Politics and Profit, Susan milling machine criticizes the way the media chooses which stories to run. Threats, danger, fear.These words grab the attention of the readers and thats what the media want. Your attention. Be afraid. Be very afraid. She shows that there are many more options of global stories that our topical anesthetic news stations could run, but those that involve Americans or anything invo lving conflict in the Middle East, or even stories of al-Qaeda action in other countries, will engender higher ratings as Big Stories over stories like the huge crisis of bombings in Mumbai in 2006, which is a place and event that Americans, in general, go through no solid connection to.However, our society is also very vain, and there are even international events that are very important to us and the action in the Middle East that constantly get trumped by larger house servant stories. A 2006 suicide bombing of the princely Mosque, which was close to triggering an Iraqi civil war was overshadowed by the Winter Olympics that year. A 2005 bombing was completely overshadowed by the kidnapping of Natalee Holloway in Aruba. The American people are more likely to be interested in our domestic actions than the stories of foreign events, especially when these events seem to run together and are so similar every time they are covered.One thing that is extremely polemic in covering those authorized acts of terror is the fact that most terrorists really want the attention on them. If someone is taken hostage and taped, or there is a huge event, like the 9/11 attacks, those who commit these actions are doing so for the attention, and for the media to show these events to the public, some can argue that those who consider the news are just giving them what they most desire to have all eyes on them.There is also an opinion, however, that if this footage is shown, it will show Americans the true brutality of the people who our military is fighting against, and that it will show that there truly is a threat, encouraging Americans to further support our military and develop a unifying experience that promotes patriotism. This was shown in the case of the kidnapping of reporter, Daniel fall in Pakistan in 2002 by al-Qaeda operative Khalid Shiekh Mohammad. The video of his functioning was made available to news networks, and a portion of Pearl public speaking was show n on CBS.The full video shows his throat being slit and his separate head held up with a voiceover speaking out against the enemies of Islam. After much debate of whether or not the video should be seen by the public, whether it would intermit the rights of Pearls grieving family, and whether the American people should be allowed to be exposed to witnessing a persons get through, Peter Kadizis and Stephen Mindich of the Boston genus Phoenix posted a link to the video with a note supra stating, This is the single most gruesome, horrible, despicable, and horrifying thing Ive ever seen. . That our government and others throughout the world, who have had this tape for some time have remained unsounded is nothing less than an act of shame( Moeller). While our media is the largest source of information for Americans and is the largest reason that Americans have an instilled fear of anyone of the Islamic religion, the USA Patriot proceed passed in 2001 as a response to the terrorist attacks is one of the triggers that set off this fear, and is a constant reminder of the attack.This Act was instated based on the possibility that if there is a threat to national security, the public is more ordain to allow for harsher policies and increased restrictions of civil liberties. The Act includes reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies gathering of intelligence within the United States expanded the Secretary of the treasurys authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities and broadened the fineness of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts.Even though support for the Patriot Act has decreased, though not dramatically (from 60% classifying it as necessary in 2001, to a 39% in 2006), President Barack Obama write a four-year extension of the act to include, searches of business records that would assist in an probe underta ken to protect against international terrorism, and surveillance of lone wolves, individuals suspected of terrorist-related activities not linked to terrorist groups. (Borgeson, Valeri). This, eleven eld later is an act that is still perfectly in tact, and is still restricting our rights.It isnt the most invasive law, but it does cling over the heads of those who do business internationally and those who immigrated form other countries, because they are constantly under the threat of being watched and studied by the government. Since Americans have media coverage and restrictions that help to shape the idea of terrorism and the way we savvy terrorism and acts of violence, it is only logical to realize that the Iraqi people, have their own way of defining Terrorism in their country.It is important to realize, when analyzing their views, that the United States have been seen as a threatening force to them for the outgoing eleven years by imposing on their land and declaring warfar e on their reason leader and having our military staying within their civilian quarters. Though Iraq has been liberated for the past five years, American promenade were just recently sent home, and they are suffering from terrorist attacks against them from other outside forces as well.Most of those who practice the Islamic religion believe that warfare should only be used to suppress insurrection or to defend against imposing armies. They do not believe in starting wars, because the punishment is not in their hands, violence should only be used for protection. Yousuf Baadarani, a popular writer defending the Islamic culture, states in an interview with Asia times states, Since Islam forbids terrorism, than no terrorist could be labeled Islamic. He would have had to abandon the Islamic path to become a terrorist (Abedin).Jihad is only say to be used to protect the Islamic religion against those who attack it, not to create terror in those who do not practice Islam. This counter s a popular theory Americans have that all Muslims are destined to commit acts of terror and that they are instilling values that promote suicide bombings and murder of those who do not practice Islam. Al-Qaeda was born out of Osama stack away Ladens leftover defense force he collected together for the Saudi Kingdom, but it was rejected after they allowed US troops to use Saudi Arabia after Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait.Al-Qaeda means the nucleotide or the base. It is extremely problematical to find out the members of this organization and to visualize out who is rump certain attacks. The chain of command is extremely difficult to follow. It has one goal to hit the West wherever and whenever it can, in night club to further polarize the Muslim and Western worlds and effect an eventual success of the Islamists, who claim leadership over the Muslim world(Reuter).This terrorist group- and there is no debate from anyone as to whether or not they are a terrorist group- has affi liated too many suicide bombings and killings of innocent westerners to name. They are the group behind the infamous September 11 attacks, and are the ones who created all of the fear of terrorism in the United States. This group of people is founded on a basic principle hate for all Westerners, and the desire to completely sever ties between those who practice Islam and Westerners.This is not a group based on jehad the exception to the Islamic law against violence, which should only be allowed when defending the Islamic religion. It is simply a hate group against Westerners that wears a mask of religion. In conclusion, there is a lot that is not perceived correctly when it comes to the idea of terrorism. Every citizen of Iraq is not a terrorist, and neither is every member of the Muslim community. A select few extremists have ruined the reputation of a religion in the United States, with the help of the media and politics.I hope that every American citizen at some point realizes t he difference between the terrorist attacks of September 11, and the Iraqi family that walks down the street. It is important to me and our country that people see that most Muslims do not support al-Qaeda and that the group of extremists is not practicing their religion properly. I hope that people will start to realize the importance of acquire information from other sources than the popular media and that some will start to attend up more information on important domestic and international events.Most of all, I hope that I have been able to properly study viewpoints on terrorism in different parts of the world accurately. Bibliography Abedin, Mahan. Asia Times Online Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs. Asia Times Online Asian news hub providing the up-to-the-minute news and analysis from Asia. N. p. , 29 Dec. 2009. Web. 5 Dec. 2012. Arena, Michael P. , and Bruce A. Arrigo. The terrorist identity explaining the terrorist threat. New York New York University Press, 2006. Print. Baudrillard, Jean. The spirit of terrorism and requiem for the Twin Towers.London Verso, 2002. Print. Borgeson, Kevin , and Robin Valeri. Terrorism In America. Boston Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2009. Print. Moeller, Susan D.. Packaging terrorism co-opting the news for politics and profit. Chichester, U. K. Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. Print. Reuter, Christoph. My life is a weapon a modern history of suicide bombing. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 2004. Print. Various Definitions of Terrorism. Department of Emergency & Military Affairs (DEMA). DEMA, n. d. Web. 5 Dec. 2012.

Exercise during pregnancy Essay

Pregnancy brings along a number of physiological, ablaze and mental changes for expectant mothers. Researchers, though they usu ally disagree on the mass and type of physical activity or puzzle out that big(predicate) women should be involved in, agree that nigh(prenominal) form of faithful example is useful for gravid women. Poudevigne and OConnor (2006) discuss several explore which highlight the psychological problems that some enceinte women face and the challenges in dealing with them (4).Smith and Michel (2006) sought to experience the effect an aquatic exercise program would have on the pregnant mother. The researchers wanted to find out if participants would be more willing to participate in health-promoting activities and if there would be any usefulness to physical discomfort and mobility problems (5) as a result of the aquatic exercise program. Forty non-exercising pregnant women who were at least 19 weeks pregnant were recruited. Participants opted to be in all the experimental or control class with distributively having 20 members.Over a six-week period the 20 members of the experimental group were involved in three weekly 60 minute sessions of aquatic exercise. The members of the control group were instructed to continue their usual non-exercising routine (5). The researchers did pre-and post-test comparisons as soundly as comparisons between the results of two control and experimental group. The results from these comparisons patronageed the researchers hypotheses that characterisation to the exercise program would have a positive impact on participants involvement in other health-promoting activities.Similarly it was found that those involved in the exercise program experienced less physical discomfort and demo improvements in their mobility and perceptions of their body image (5). I believe the findings reported by Poudevigne and OConnor (2006) are quite useful for pregnant mothers who want to exercise but are worried abo ut the type of exercises to perform. It appears that the aquatic exercises would be a welcome alternative to women than regular gym-type and strenuous exercises. It would be good if future research compared the effectiveness of these two types of exercises.Some researchers are non convinced that exercise al unmatched can accomplish physical improvements for mothers, oddly during the advanced maternalism stage. Depledge, McNair, Keal-Smith and Williams (2005) hypothesized that exercise with other supports could improve physical conditions. The research objective was to see if the conditions of pregnant women with symphysis pubis dysfunction, or pelvic adjunction pain, would improve with exercise and interventions such as advice and pelvic support knockings.The researchers snarl this study was essential given the increase in the number of pregnant women experiencing this condition. Methods that would diminish pelvic discomfort in pregnant women would therefore be quite useful in improving how well this condition is dealt with both by clinicians and the expectant mothers themselves (1). The participants in the research were randomly assigned to one of three groups. There was an exercise only group along with advice, a group that combined exercise with wearing a non-rigid support belt and the third group combined exercise with a rigid support belt.Participants were divided into each group relatively dismantlely 30, 28 and 29 respectively. The intervention program lasted for a week and pre- and post- test analysis of train of discomfort and intensity of pelvic pain were recorded (1). The results of the research revealed that all three groups reported some amount of improvement in their pelvic pain over the period. However the variation between groups was not rattling significant (1).I found the results of this research to be particularly raise since it intimates that the use of support belts does not result in any special improvements over exercise. Th is demonstrates the extent to which exercise can improve the conditions of pregnant women, even those with considerable levels of pelvic pain due to symphsis pubis dysfunction. Often some mothers desiring to participate in exercise are confused by doctors reports which suggest that exercise is unsafe for the expectant mothers because of the risk of paternal hypothermia (2) and an untimely or late delivery (3).In fact Poudevigne and OConnor (2006) did a comprehensive review of research on the subject and spy that a significant number of women, who were physically active before their pregnancy, present a decrease in these activities throughout their pregnancy (4). Larsson & Lindqvist (2005) tested the merits of this speckle in a study of 37 pregnant women participating in low-impact exercises (2). They discovered weensy risk to the pregnant women who revealed comparable core temperature, ticker rate and oxygen saturation as compared to a control of 11.This suggests therefore, t hat the participants and, by extension, pregnant mothers at whatever stage of pregnancy, are at little risk of maternal hypothermia doing low-impact exercises (2). Similarly Leiferman and Evenson (2003) report in their study of goal to 10, 000 mothers, that there was little or no risk that mothers would deliver their babies either pre- or post- term as the skeptics of exercise during pregnancy usually suggest (3). This information I find relieving for mothers who are concerned about the eudaimonia of the fetus during exercise.Since there is little risk with low-impact exercises pregnant mothers should no seven-day have significant objections to exercise. Evidently research supports the view that exercise during pregnancy is harmful neither to the mother nor the unborn fetus. Exercise seems to be serious in relieving some of the discomforts faced by expecting mothers both of the physical and psychological nature. While there is no suggestion that exercise offers much tho benefit s over other interventions or a sedentary lifestyle, it has not been shown to be harmful.

Baroque Notes

Oldest of the three people know as the Carried * Cousin of Agitations and Enable * Studied painting in Florence * Taught his cousins Agitations (1557- 1602) * know better as a chumpmaker rather than a painter * Did a carry on of reproduced engravings gave way to show famous plots in chump format with discover having to travel to the actual govern * Reproduced engravings- reproduction of pieces in print form Enable (156()-1609) * Most well-known Carried The Carried Academy, Bologna (Academia dogleg Incriminate) Name meaner those who control set forth * They were setting out to create a newfangled form of art * Served to a greater extent as an informal meeting place where artist could come to work * Wasnt really a teaching academy most people who were members were already masters at their craft * Acted more as a studio than school * Went out to the streets and drew from emotional state (I. E.Man with Monkey) * Genre paintings- horizons from everyday life Nibble Carried Study of Reclining Boy, 1580 **The Butchers Shop, 1580 * Monumental scene of a butcher shop * Large genre painting (there is as well as a smaller version) Depicts a man weighing meat, man derriere a counter, man hoisting Caracas * Could possibly be a phantasmal painting * May have been a commissioned piece for a butchers guild * Reaction against mannerism towards a lot more naive realism in art The Baptism of Christ, 1 585 * More mannerist style * Figures are amplify * Figures are looking out the frame The Virgin and Child with SST. outhouse and SST. Catherine, 1593 * A high renaissance style * Stable composition * utter down colors * S sapless distortion in figures but by and large balanced Resurrection of Christ, 1593 * Christ has risen from his tomb Large altar piece * Dramatic * Christ is floating up to heaven Agitations Carried Everyone * Doesnt give a sense of color SST. Jerome, engraving, 1602 The Last Communion of SST.Jerome, 1590 * SST Jerome on his death beadwork was g oing to take communion for the final time he do himself get up and do it * his humility is a wonderful caseful for the catholic followers * was dubbed the most praised painting for the entire century dulcinea Carried Madonna Delhi Scalia, 1590 * traditional subjects * SST. Jerome recognized by his lion (spent a lot of time in the Jungle once got a thorn out off lion) * SST. Jerome was one of the early perform followers and translates the bible into Latin very important to the counter reformation church * Scalia was the name of the church conversion of SST. capital of Minnesota, 1587-1589 * Showing the conversion of the roman Sal, well known for beingness a persecutor of Christians * He was traveling and sees a vision of perfection and he says Oh why do you persecute me? And is immediately converted * Paul is thrown from his horse in response to the bright shining light from God * Gets across the idea off person being ball over * Diagonal composition * In 1595 Carried splits u p and Agitations and Enable go to capital of Italy he equity Palace working for equity, a cardinal Thursday, august 30th Enable Carried in Rome Fairness Palace * spiritual rebirth building * Was partially designed by Michelangelo * They live in * Had a large collection of Greek and roman art one of which is the Fairness Hercules Fairness Hercules * Reconstruction of an earlier statue * Inspired one of enablers first pieces in Rome **The Choice of Hercules 1597 * Central piece of art that was made for the Fairness Cameron (his study) first of the rooms he decorated for the fairness palace * rock oil on canvas * Central canvas * The Large painting * Presents an fabrication Hercules is being asked to choose between virtue (right) and vice (left) * Vice personified as a woman of temptation not virtuous behavior (theater, music, etcetera ) * Common idea was thinking of vice as getting disoriented in woods and finding your way back.Portrayed here * Virtue is pointing too winged Pe gasus **The Fairness ceiling frescoes, 1595-1600 * 60 by 20 Ft room * Barrel vault room * Subject matter is from unmixed mythology * Scenes from Ovid, The Metamorphoses the loves of the gods portrayed through the work of Ovid * Made up into framed panels all(prenominal) at the same theme with a different story in each frame * Uses paint to give a different sack scene with each panel * Figures outside panel scenes look to be illuminated from below * Engages the viewer you have to move around the office to look at it from different angles * The central scene depicting the ecstasy of Bacchus (wine god) and his lover ordained processing in triumph through the eye of the ceiling * Above and below are paintings by agitations his brother * baroqueness classicism style

Bronislaw Kasper Malinowski: Bio-bibliography Essay

A British anthropologist born in Krakow, Po flat coat, Bronislaw Kasper Malinowsky left his mark in anthropological studies well-nigh the world. end-to-end his c arer, Bronislaw dedicated his eon to developing methods that dominated preceding anthropological field draw. Malinowski is most famously cognize for founding Social Anthropology and the root of functionalism. (See celebrated name c alling entropy Base, The) Bronislaw Malinowski was born April 7, 1884 to m some other, Jozefa, and father, Lucjan Malinowski. Lucian was a professor of Slavic linguistics at Jagellonian University in Southern Poland. Bronislaws mother, born Jozefa Kacka, married Lucjan at the age of 35 in 1883. Although she did not hold any pose in the academic world, like her husband, she was part of a family that owned land and held a certain high-ranking status in society. (See Notable call Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski and Wayne, Helena pg.529) When Bronislaw was 14 years old his father died of a heart attack at the age of 58 leaving him nether his mothers care. .The family had been living on Cracow University grounds, but widow and word of honor had to leave this home and thereafter lived in various flats in interchange Cracow. They were always rather hard up. A professors tribute was not very generous there was, however, some family money. (See Wayne, Helena pg. 530) As a child, Malinowski attended Krakows King John Sobieski public school. He went by the nickname, Bronio. His mothers side of the family being much matriarchal than his fathers side, Malinowski spent a lot of time with the Kacka cousins. Throughout his years at the public school, and later on during his college career, Malinowski always had a very gangly body structure and often was sickly looking. receivable to poor health, Malinowski frequently had to take time off from school to fall down and not get worse.Malinowski had incredibly bad eyesight and it more and more got worse to the point where h e was threatened with blindness. (See Wayne, Helena pg. 530 and Notable name Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski) While attending Jagellonian University, during one of his health breaks, Bronislaw Malinowski came across the work of a British Anthropologist, Sir James Frazer (2). Frazers work, The Golden Bough, sparked Malinowskis please in primitive states and about human cultures and society (1). Malinowskis passkey focus at the college was mathematics and physics. He later decided to draw out his education by studying philosophy and psychology. After receiving his PhD in Philosophy, Physics, and maths in 1908, Malinowski went on to study physical chemistry at Leipzig University in Ger many another(prenominal). Then finally, ended his academic studies at the London School of Economics. This is where he received his DSc in 1913 and also earned his PhD in Science in 1913. (See Notable Names Data Base, The Sir James Frazer, Bronislaw Malinowski) After college, Malinowsky trave led to revolutionary Guinea, Australia, and Melanesia.Where he began his early field expeditions and began his well- cognize work on the Trobriand Islanders. Malinowsky canvas their marriages, trade, and their religious practices. Malinowski found it just as important to observe the people he was studying during their everyday lives as opposed to simply intercommunicate the dissimilar cultures questions. Malinowski had the idea that people, while under a study, have the drift to lie in order to give the examiner what they want to hear. It was by observing cultures going about their lives as usual that Malinowski disc everyplaceed that many previous discoveries made by other anthropologists, such as Lewis henry Morgan and Sir James Frazer, were very incorrect.These other anthropologists committed a proverbial crime, known today sweeping generalizations. Malinowski discovered that in order to obtain genuine and accurate data on other cultures, an anthropologists couldnt rightfu lly assign that because one or two cultures have the said(prenominal) characteristic consequently a similar culture will also hold that resembling characteristic. This finding also disproved Sigmund Freuds Oedipal Complex theory. Malinowskis practice with extended fieldwork changed the game of anthropology forever. (See Notable Names Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski)With Malinowskis new come to fieldwork study, he discovered that these savage cultures were actually more civilized than they had been disposed credit for in the past. For example, tribal marriage and religious practices, no social occasion how strange or exotic, revealed themselves to be an integral part of the healthy performance of the community, playing vital roles in trade, community cohesion, and social stability. (See Notable Names Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski)Along with his groundbreaking discoveries in fieldwork methods, Malinowski better known for his ledger entry to the idea of functional ism. Functionalism is a theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all doings patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term survival. In other words, people in a society require the social structure in order to function as an one-on-one. (See Free Dictionary Functionalism) Malinowskis idea of functionalism was branched from Radcliffe Browns, another British anthropologist, similar idea called structural functionalism. Malinowski meanwhile placed greater emphasis on the actions of the individual how the individuals needs were served by societys institutions, accustomed practices and beliefs, and how the psychology of those individuals might lead them to generate change. (See Notable Names Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski) Malinowski married twice.His first marriage was to Elsie Rosaline Masson in 1919. Together they had three children, all girls. Eslie passed away in 1935 after a long illness . flipper year later, he married for a second and final time to Anna Valetta Hayman-Joyce, a painter, in 1940. Malinowski did not have any more children. Despite being in ill health in 1940, Malinowski go on to do field work. He had begun a new study a study of marketing among the Zapotec of Oaxaca. Mid-study, Malinowsky died of a heart attack, just as his father had, on May 16 1942 leaving behind his roaring contribution to anthropology. (See Encyclopedia Bronislaw Malinowski)In todays American society, we are taught that every race and culture is equal. Bronislaw Malinowski taught us this by pointing out cultures same differences. For example, one culture may turn to magic or sacrificial practices to overcome evil while an American culture might require to a higher, unknown power. These may bet like two different extremes but they are equally a practice of religion to tending cope with uncontrollable forces of the universe.I found it very werwinteresting that, although this may seem like common sense to people today, there was one person who was able to destroy sweeping generalizations and the idea of a savage culture. With over fifty successful pieces of work, and seventeen published books, Malinowski had four books that were his best known Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922), Crime and Custom in Savage caller (1926), The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia (1929), and finally, published after his death, Magic, Science, and Religion and separate Essays (1948). (See Notable Names Data Base, The Bronislaw Malinowski)

Disadvantages of science Essay

How experience and engine room Affects Humans heartScience and engineering science argon two things related to each other. Science is a systematic intimacy base, where a series of steps is followed in order to reliably predict the type of outcome. It is all about theories and focussed on analysis. Science is the key by which man go anywhere at any date in the space. It has brought about several undischarged advantages to mankind. engine room, on the other hand, is more of an applied acquisition. It is where tools and knowledge ar employ for the study of a particular science. It is all about process.What is life without science and engine room? Nowadays, pile croupt imagine their lives without technology. Anywhere they go and whatever they do, in that respect are many things related to science. These are charitables inventions and innovations or various technologies surround them that tend their needs. Even in their daily activities or simple tasks, they are already using those technologies. Refrigerators, microwaves, televisions, cellular phoneular phones, laptops, digital cameras, cars, computers and lights are some technologies that human uses in their daily lives. These technologies in reality provide them many advantages. It is easy to think about the advantages however, for your information technology has as well as disadvantages.Science and Technology helps human beings make their lives easier in much(prenominal) a way that it helps them in every sector. Like in transportation, by cars, airplanes or trains, they keister travel faster to their desired places. From inventions and innovations of great minds, robots and machines are made to help people make lesser mistakes. Because of technology, man can save his time, efforts and give him a quality to his works. Moreover, technology increases production. People can create multiple materials in a short period of time because of modern machines. Most of all, one of the most important a dvantages of technology is through and through the field of medical science or human health. Because of the inventions of technology for functional operations and discoveries of many medicines, humans life span pull up stakes be lengthened and will save innocent lives.Science and Technology similarly changed humans way of communicating. From telephones to cellular phones, then came the computers and Internets which gave them information. by dint of these, now they can do video conferences to their love ones at abroad or chatting their friends. broadcast communication is another important dimension of technology. Satellite TV s and satellite radios have eased the broadcasting of events across the globe. Computers can store, organize and manage huge amounts of data. They can process immense amounts of information. Computers have given rise to the software industry, one of the most progressive tense industries of the world. Gadgets can give entertainment not only to teenagers but to everyone. In addition technology excessively gives assurance or for emergency use.On the other hand, with the advancement in the field of latest technology, people sheath many disadvantages out of the benefit of modern technology. It can harm our environment. freshly transportation technology causes pollution by the smoke or bungle from factories and cars. Most people lost their job because companies took up automatic machines to repair their production with accuracy. Yet, the answers or discoveries that technology gave may not be everlastingly correct. These machines look inexpensive and its good to use but once there are technical problems occur in machines, it took much time to touch on it and also it can be more expensive. There are also side effects of technology in our health. This can cause process of eye disease, increase of body weight and can cause cancer because of radiation of specific technology.Science and Technology can cause peoples communication poor . According to Lauren Nelson, when communicating face to face, nonverbal behaviors provide context clues for the words we use. Unfortunately, the Wall Street Journal found that technologies similar email, texting and instant messaging remove these important context clues, and can lead to misunderstandings. Sarcasm and jokes without nonverbal context cues can cause frustration. Though smiley faces with different expressions called emoticons are sometimes used to substitute traditional nonverbal cues, they reduce far short of what face-to-face communication can provide.He also states that as more schoolchilds buy cell phones, iPods, and gaming systems, technologys impact on effective communication is becoming more pronounced. As the District Chronicles reports, teachers attempting to convey messages about lessons and textbooks find students are texting, playing, or auditory modality to music. Not only does this mitigate the teachers ability to fleet lessons, but it hurts future communicative interaction between the teacher and student because of the lack of respect it conveys. The youth has also been very much attached to gadgets that they get to spend too much time with it and creates their own world.Technology can make people lazy. Many people are already dependent and embrace this technology. Like students playing computer games instead of firing to school or study. Technology also brings us privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now hard-pressed about their once private information becoming public knowledge and making profit out of video scandals. Advanced technology has also created thousands of cases of cyber crimes, cheating and fraud. And most of all because of the new technology, the world may be facing terrorists threat and all of us are afraid of nuclear war.If people of the world use these inventions and innovations in a right way, we are all going to be benefited out of these but if the motive of a human being is not positive, surely they will face the technologys disadvantages.